Traits

Traits linked to KRAS

KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase

The Human Phenotype Ontology links 386 traits to KRAS, by body system: features seen in people with one of the gene's rare conditions.

Abnormality of head or neck

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Benign eye tumor	항상
Broad neck	항상
Bulbous nose	항상
Coarse facial features	항상
Full lower lip	항상
Long philtrum	항상
Short nose	항상
Skin tag in front of the ear	항상
Sparse eyebrow	항상
Abnormal conjunctiva morphology	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormal eyelashes	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Absent eyebrow	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Adenoma sebaceum	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Broad opening between the eyelids	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Corners of eye widely separated	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Cystic hygroma	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Decreased width of the skull	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Depressed nasal bridge	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Flattened bony protrusion above eyes	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Frontal bossing	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Full cheeks	매우 자주 (80–99%)
High forehead	매우 자주 (80–99%)
High palate	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Little lower jaw	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Long face	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Midface retrusion	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Nasal tip, upturned	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Prominent back of the head	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Relatively large head	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Short neck	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Sparse or absent eyebrows	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Thickened skin folds of neck	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Triangular face	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Webbed neck	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormal nasolacrimal system morphology	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormality of the eyelid	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormality of the face	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormality of the skull	자주 (30–79%)
Asymmetry of the posterior head	자주 (30–79%)
Big calvaria	자주 (30–79%)
Cheekbone underdevelopment	자주 (30–79%)
Deep philtrum	자주 (30–79%)
Enlargement of craniofacial bones	자주 (30–79%)
Eye folds	자주 (30–79%)
Facial asymmetry	자주 (30–79%)
Full lips	자주 (30–79%)
Giant cell granuloma of mandible	자주 (30–79%)
Left unilambdoid synostosis	자주 (30–79%)
Long, narrow head	자주 (30–79%)
Low hairline at back of neck	자주 (30–79%)
Narrow forehead	자주 (30–79%)
Narrow opening between the eyelids	자주 (30–79%)
Palpebral thickening	자주 (30–79%)
Prominent forehead	자주 (30–79%)
Short opening between the eyelids	자주 (30–79%)
Sparse or absent eyelashes	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormal facial shape	가끔 (5–29%)
Cancer of salivary gland	가끔 (5–29%)
Cleft eyelid	가끔 (5–29%)
Dandy-Walker malformation	가끔 (5–29%)
Early closure of midline skull joint	가끔 (5–29%)
Parietal bossing	가끔 (5–29%)
Submucous cleft hard palate	가끔 (5–29%)
Wide nasal bridge	가끔 (5–29%)
Abnormal dentition	기록되지 않음
Abnormality of dental color	기록되지 않음
Abnormality of dental shape	기록되지 않음
Abnormality of head shape	기록되지 않음
Absent eyelashes	기록되지 않음
Bad bite	기록되지 않음
Broad forehead	기록되지 않음
Decreased size of nasal bridge	기록되지 않음
Open bite	기록되지 않음
Open mouth	기록되지 않음
Scaphocephaly	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of the nervous system

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Decrease in size of the outer layer of the brain due to loss of brain cells	항상
Degeneration of cerebrum	항상
Global developmental delay	항상
Intellectual disability	항상
Intellectual disability, severe	항상
Severe global developmental delay	항상
Abnormal shape of nervous system	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormal speech pattern	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Absent septum pellucidum	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Absent/small cerebellum	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Agenesis of corpus callosum	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Difficulty articulating speech	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Diminished deep tendon reflex	매우 자주 (80–99%)
EEG abnormality	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Epilepsy	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Glioblastoma multiforme	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Increased reflexes	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Neurodevelopmental abnormality	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Ventriculomegaly	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Anxiety	자주 (30–79%)
Attention deficit	자주 (30–79%)
Autism	자주 (30–79%)
Behavioral abnormality	자주 (30–79%)
Cavity within brain	자주 (30–79%)
Chiari type I malformation	자주 (30–79%)
Depression	자주 (30–79%)
Difficulty finding words	자주 (30–79%)
Echoing another person's speech	자주 (30–79%)
Inability to speak	자주 (30–79%)
Irritability	자주 (30–79%)
Migraine	자주 (30–79%)
Motor delay	자주 (30–79%)
Neurodevelopmental delay	자주 (30–79%)
Rise in pressure inside skull	자주 (30–79%)
Subcortical cerebral atrophy	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormal gait	가끔 (5–29%)
Abnormal pyramidal sign	가끔 (5–29%)
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum	가끔 (5–29%)
Benign neoplasm of the central nervous system	가끔 (5–29%)
Cancer of early nerve cells	가끔 (5–29%)
Disorder of involuntary muscle movements	가끔 (5–29%)
Disturbed sensory perception	가끔 (5–29%)
Dysgraphia	가끔 (5–29%)
Fluid-filled sac located in membrane surrounding brain or spinal cord	가끔 (5–29%)
Hallucinations	가끔 (5–29%)
Loss of developmental milestones	가끔 (5–29%)
Memory impairment	가끔 (5–29%)
Paralysis	가끔 (5–29%)
Paralysis of all four limbs	가끔 (5–29%)
Paralysis on one side of body	가끔 (5–29%)
Paralysis or weakness of one side of body	가끔 (5–29%)
Peripheral axonal neuropathy	가끔 (5–29%)
Pins and needles feeling	가끔 (5–29%)
Specific learning disability	가끔 (5–29%)
Too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain	가끔 (5–29%)
Weakness of one side of body	가끔 (5–29%)
Hemimegalencephaly	기록되지 않음
More active than typical	기록되지 않음
Tongue thrusting	기록되지 않음
Underdeveloped frontal lobe	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of the integument

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Absence of part of skin at birth	항상
Few cafe-au-lait spots	항상
Hyperpigmented streaks	항상
Absent/small skin	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Beauty mark	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Brittle hair	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Dry skin	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Excessive sweating	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Excessive wrinkled skin	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Fine hair	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Firm lump under the skin	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Generalized hyperpigmentation	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Hair loss	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Skin cancer	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Yellow bumps of fatty deposits on skin	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormal fingerprints	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormal hair quantity	자주 (30–79%)
Chicken skin	자주 (30–79%)
Coarse hair	자주 (30–79%)
Curly hair	자주 (30–79%)
Hyperelastic skin	자주 (30–79%)
Hyperkeratosis	자주 (30–79%)
Ichthyosis	자주 (30–79%)
Irregular hyperpigmentation	자주 (30–79%)
Liver spots	자주 (30–79%)
Multiple birthmarks	자주 (30–79%)
Patchy darkened skin	자주 (30–79%)
Poor fingernail formation	자주 (30–79%)
port-wine stain	자주 (30–79%)
Slow-growing hair	자주 (30–79%)
Sparse hair	자주 (30–79%)
Basal cell carcinoma	가끔 (5–29%)
Loose redundant skin	가끔 (5–29%)
Numerous moles	가끔 (5–29%)
Epidermal nevus	기록되지 않음
Linear nevus sebaceous	기록되지 않음
Mole	기록되지 않음
Nevus sebaceous	기록되지 않음
Patchy lightened skin	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of the cardiovascular system

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Increased spleen size	항상
Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormal EKG	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormal heart valve morphology	매우 자주 (80–99%)
An opening in the wall separating the top two chambers of the heart	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Collection of dilated blood vessels that forms mass	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Narrowing of lung artery	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Narrowing of pulmonic valve	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormal heart rate	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormal pulmonary valve morphology	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormality of the cardiovascular system	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormality of the lymphatic system	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormality of the spleen	자주 (30–79%)
Disease of the heart muscle	자주 (30–79%)
Enlarged and thickened heart muscle	자주 (30–79%)
Increased blood pressure in blood vessels of lungs	자주 (30–79%)
Mitral valve prolapse	자주 (30–79%)
Patent foramen ovale	자주 (30–79%)
Strawberry birthmark	자주 (30–79%)
Swollen lymph nodes	자주 (30–79%)
Tricuspid valve prolapse	자주 (30–79%)
Visceral angiomatosis	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormal aortic morphology	가끔 (5–29%)
Cardiac diverticulum	가끔 (5–29%)
Enlarged liver and spleen	가끔 (5–29%)
Hole in heart wall separating two lower heart chambers	가끔 (5–29%)
Interrupted aortic arch	가끔 (5–29%)
Narrowing of aorta	가끔 (5–29%)
Narrowing of aortic valve	가끔 (5–29%)
Patent ductus arteriosus	드물게 (1–4%)
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation	기록되지 않음
Mini stroke	기록되지 않음
Strawberry mark	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of the digestive system

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Feeding difficulties	항상
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	항상
Abdominal pain	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Absent/small abdominal wall muscles	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Anorexia	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Constipation	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Feeding difficulties in infancy	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Inability to properly digest food due to lack of pancreatic digestive enzymes	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Malabsorption	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Poor appetite	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Colon cancer	자주 (30–79%)
Enlarged colon lacking nerve cells	자주 (30–79%)
Enlarged liver	자주 (30–79%)
Extrahepatic cholestasis	자주 (30–79%)
Functional intestinal obstruction	자주 (30–79%)
Gastrostomy tube feeding in infancy	자주 (30–79%)
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction	자주 (30–79%)
Jaundice	자주 (30–79%)
Nausea and vomiting	자주 (30–79%)
Rectal tumor	자주 (30–79%)
Stomach tumor	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract	가끔 (5–29%)
Cancer of the pancreas	가끔 (5–29%)
Functional abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract	가끔 (5–29%)
Growths in inner lining of intestine	가끔 (5–29%)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	가끔 (5–29%)
Intermittent diarrhea	가끔 (5–29%)
Liver cancer	가끔 (5–29%)
Peritoneal abscess	가끔 (5–29%)
Acid reflux	기록되지 않음
Bladder exstrophy	기록되지 않음
Stomach cancer	기록되지 않음
Vomiting	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Funnel chest	항상
Wide rib cage	항상
Back pain	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Double-Jointed	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Inability to make and keep healthy fat tissue	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Low muscle tone	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Multiple fatty lumps	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Muscle weakness	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Pigeon chest	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Shield chest	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Vertebral segmentation defect	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormal deposits of calcium in the brain	자주 (30–79%)
Bone cyst	자주 (30–79%)
Breakdown of bone	자주 (30–79%)
Delayed bone maturation	자주 (30–79%)
Generalized decreased muscle tone	자주 (30–79%)
Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm	자주 (30–79%)
Muscle stiffness	자주 (30–79%)
Rigidity	자주 (30–79%)
Scoliosis	자주 (30–79%)
Skeletal tumor	자주 (30–79%)
Spasticity and rigidity of muscles	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormal shape of cartilage	가끔 (5–29%)
Abnormal skeletal development	가끔 (5–29%)
Dysostosis multiplex	가끔 (5–29%)
Flexed joint that cannot be straightened	가끔 (5–29%)
Osteochondrosis	가끔 (5–29%)
Osteopenia	가끔 (5–29%)
Hypophosphatemic rickets	기록되지 않음
Kyphoscoliosis	기록되지 않음
Recurrent fractures	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of the eye

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Blue eyes	항상
Bulging eye	항상
Farsightedness	항상
Wide-set eyes	항상
Abnormality of the eye	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormality of vision	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormally small eyeball	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Cat eye	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Drooping upper eyelid	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Noninflammatory retina disease	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Chorioretinal atrophy	자주 (30–79%)
Close sighted	자주 (30–79%)
Corneal opacity	자주 (30–79%)
Cross-eyed	자주 (30–79%)
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements	자주 (30–79%)
Amaurosis fugax	가끔 (5–29%)
Astigmatism	가끔 (5–29%)
Cerebral visual impairment	가끔 (5–29%)
Eye muscle paralysis	가끔 (5–29%)
Opacification of the corneal stroma	가끔 (5–29%)
Optic atrophy	가끔 (5–29%)
Partial loss of field of vision	가끔 (5–29%)
Visual impairment	가끔 (5–29%)
Anisometropia	기록되지 않음
Cornea of eye less than 10mm in diameter	기록되지 않음
Notched pupil	기록되지 않음
Oculomotor apraxia	기록되지 않음
Optic nerve dysplasia	기록되지 않음
Progressive loss of vision	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of the genitourinary system

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Abnormality of the reproductive system	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormality of the ureter	자주 (30–79%)
Undescended testes	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormality of the bladder	가끔 (5–29%)
Abnormality of the penis	가끔 (5–29%)
Dilatation of the renal pelvis	가끔 (5–29%)
Endometrial carcinoma	가끔 (5–29%)
Epispadias	가끔 (5–29%)
Hydronephrosis	가끔 (5–29%)
Hypospadias	가끔 (5–29%)
Kidney cancer	가끔 (5–29%)
Malignant genitourinary tract tumor	가끔 (5–29%)
Ovarian cancer	가끔 (5–29%)
Ovarian carcinoma	가끔 (5–29%)
Urinary tract neoplasm	가끔 (5–29%)
Bladder neoplasm	기록되지 않음
Horseshoe kidney	기록되지 않음
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of limbs

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Curvature of little finger	항상
Back knee	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Thickening of palms and soles	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormal morphology of ulna	자주 (30–79%)
Deep palm line	자주 (30–79%)
Outward turned elbows	자주 (30–79%)
Short fingers or toes	자주 (30–79%)
Short palm	자주 (30–79%)
Fused forearm bones	가끔 (5–29%)
Knock knees	가끔 (5–29%)
Abnormalities of the fingers	기록되지 않음
Abnormalities of the toes	기록되지 않음
Asymmetric overgrowth	기록되지 않음
Finger joint hyperextensibility	기록되지 않음
Left and right leg differ in length or width	기록되지 않음
Multiple plantar creases	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of the ear

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Thickened helices	항상
Ears rotated toward back of head	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Low-set ears	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormality of the ear	자주 (30–79%)
Hearing impairment	자주 (30–79%)
Large earlobe	자주 (30–79%)
Large ears	자주 (30–79%)
Aplasia of the semicircular canal	가끔 (5–29%)
Sensorineural hearing impairment	가끔 (5–29%)
Earlobe crease	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Gastrointestinal bleeding	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Abnormal platelet function	자주 (30–79%)
Abnormality of coagulation	자주 (30–79%)
Bleeding tendency	자주 (30–79%)
Blood tumor	가끔 (5–29%)
Bruising susceptibility	가끔 (5–29%)
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia	가끔 (5–29%)
Acute myeloid leukemia	기록되지 않음

Growth abnormality

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Faltering weight	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Faltering weight in infancy	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Short stature	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Uneven or disproportionate growth of one body part compared to another	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Weight loss	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Growth delay	자주 (30–79%)
Growth delay as children	가끔 (5–29%)
General overgrowth	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of the endocrine system

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Pineal cyst	자주 (30–79%)
Delayed start of first period	가끔 (5–29%)
Early onset of puberty	가끔 (5–29%)
Neoplasm of the thyroid gland	가끔 (5–29%)
Noncancerous tumor in pituitary gland	가끔 (5–29%)

Abnormality of the respiratory system

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Laryngeal hypoplasia	자주 (30–79%)
Laryngeal carcinoma	가끔 (5–29%)
Alveolar cell carcinoma	기록되지 않음
Lung adenocarcinoma	기록되지 않음
Non-small cell lung carcinoma	기록되지 않음

Laboratory abnormality

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Diabetes mellitus	가끔 (5–29%)
High liver enzymes	가끔 (5–29%)
High urine phosphate levels	가끔 (5–29%)
Swelling caused by excess lymph fluid under skin	가끔 (5–29%)
Increased level of L-fucose in urine	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of the breast

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Wide-spaced nipples	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Breast cancer	가끔 (5–29%)
Accessory nipple	기록되지 않음

Abnormality of prenatal development or birth

Trait	나타나는 빈도
High levels of amniotic fluid	자주 (30–79%)
Premature birth	자주 (30–79%)

Constitutional symptom

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Chronic fatigue	매우 자주 (80–99%)
Fatigue	매우 자주 (80–99%)

Abnormal tissue mass

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Cancer of skin pigment cells	가끔 (5–29%)

Abnormality of the immune system

Trait	나타나는 빈도
Baby eczema	기록되지 않음

Human Phenotype Ontology가 기록한, 해당 유전자와 관련된 질환을 가진 사람들 가운데 이 특징이 나타나는 빈도입니다. 이 페이지는 특징과 그 바탕이 되는 연구를 설명하며, 진단이 아닙니다. 증상에 대해서는 의사나 유전 상담사에게 문의하시기 바랍니다.

출처

The Human Phenotype Ontology, release 2026-09-01: the traits linked to KRAS and how often each is seen. Find out more at hpo.jax.org.

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