Traits

Traits linked to KRAS

KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase

The Human Phenotype Ontology links 386 traits to KRAS, by body system: features seen in people with one of the gene's rare conditions.

Abnormality of head or neck

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Benign eye tumor	Alati
Broad neck	Alati
Bulbous nose	Alati
Coarse facial features	Alati
Full lower lip	Alati
Long philtrum	Alati
Short nose	Alati
Skin tag in front of the ear	Alati
Sparse eyebrow	Alati
Abnormal conjunctiva morphology	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormal eyelashes	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Absent eyebrow	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Adenoma sebaceum	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Broad opening between the eyelids	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Corners of eye widely separated	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Cystic hygroma	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Decreased width of the skull	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Depressed nasal bridge	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Flattened bony protrusion above eyes	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Frontal bossing	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Full cheeks	Väga sageli (80–99%)
High forehead	Väga sageli (80–99%)
High palate	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Little lower jaw	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Long face	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Midface retrusion	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Nasal tip, upturned	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Prominent back of the head	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Relatively large head	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Short neck	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Sparse or absent eyebrows	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Thickened skin folds of neck	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Triangular face	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Webbed neck	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormal nasolacrimal system morphology	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormality of the eyelid	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormality of the face	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormality of the skull	Sageli (30–79%)
Asymmetry of the posterior head	Sageli (30–79%)
Big calvaria	Sageli (30–79%)
Cheekbone underdevelopment	Sageli (30–79%)
Deep philtrum	Sageli (30–79%)
Enlargement of craniofacial bones	Sageli (30–79%)
Eye folds	Sageli (30–79%)
Facial asymmetry	Sageli (30–79%)
Full lips	Sageli (30–79%)
Giant cell granuloma of mandible	Sageli (30–79%)
Left unilambdoid synostosis	Sageli (30–79%)
Long, narrow head	Sageli (30–79%)
Low hairline at back of neck	Sageli (30–79%)
Narrow forehead	Sageli (30–79%)
Narrow opening between the eyelids	Sageli (30–79%)
Palpebral thickening	Sageli (30–79%)
Prominent forehead	Sageli (30–79%)
Short opening between the eyelids	Sageli (30–79%)
Sparse or absent eyelashes	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormal facial shape	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Cancer of salivary gland	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Cleft eyelid	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Dandy-Walker malformation	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Early closure of midline skull joint	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Parietal bossing	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Submucous cleft hard palate	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Wide nasal bridge	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Abnormal dentition	Pole registreeritud
Abnormality of dental color	Pole registreeritud
Abnormality of dental shape	Pole registreeritud
Abnormality of head shape	Pole registreeritud
Absent eyelashes	Pole registreeritud
Bad bite	Pole registreeritud
Broad forehead	Pole registreeritud
Decreased size of nasal bridge	Pole registreeritud
Open bite	Pole registreeritud
Open mouth	Pole registreeritud
Scaphocephaly	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of the nervous system

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Decrease in size of the outer layer of the brain due to loss of brain cells	Alati
Degeneration of cerebrum	Alati
Global developmental delay	Alati
Intellectual disability	Alati
Intellectual disability, severe	Alati
Severe global developmental delay	Alati
Abnormal shape of nervous system	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormal speech pattern	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Absent septum pellucidum	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Absent/small cerebellum	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Agenesis of corpus callosum	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Difficulty articulating speech	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Diminished deep tendon reflex	Väga sageli (80–99%)
EEG abnormality	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Epilepsy	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Glioblastoma multiforme	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Increased reflexes	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Neurodevelopmental abnormality	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Ventriculomegaly	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Anxiety	Sageli (30–79%)
Attention deficit	Sageli (30–79%)
Autism	Sageli (30–79%)
Behavioral abnormality	Sageli (30–79%)
Cavity within brain	Sageli (30–79%)
Chiari type I malformation	Sageli (30–79%)
Depression	Sageli (30–79%)
Difficulty finding words	Sageli (30–79%)
Echoing another person's speech	Sageli (30–79%)
Inability to speak	Sageli (30–79%)
Irritability	Sageli (30–79%)
Migraine	Sageli (30–79%)
Motor delay	Sageli (30–79%)
Neurodevelopmental delay	Sageli (30–79%)
Rise in pressure inside skull	Sageli (30–79%)
Subcortical cerebral atrophy	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormal gait	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Abnormal pyramidal sign	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Benign neoplasm of the central nervous system	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Cancer of early nerve cells	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Disorder of involuntary muscle movements	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Disturbed sensory perception	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Dysgraphia	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Fluid-filled sac located in membrane surrounding brain or spinal cord	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Hallucinations	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Loss of developmental milestones	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Memory impairment	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Paralysis	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Paralysis of all four limbs	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Paralysis on one side of body	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Paralysis or weakness of one side of body	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Peripheral axonal neuropathy	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Pins and needles feeling	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Specific learning disability	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Weakness of one side of body	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Hemimegalencephaly	Pole registreeritud
More active than typical	Pole registreeritud
Tongue thrusting	Pole registreeritud
Underdeveloped frontal lobe	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of the integument

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Absence of part of skin at birth	Alati
Few cafe-au-lait spots	Alati
Hyperpigmented streaks	Alati
Absent/small skin	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Beauty mark	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Brittle hair	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Dry skin	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Excessive sweating	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Excessive wrinkled skin	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Fine hair	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Firm lump under the skin	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Generalized hyperpigmentation	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Hair loss	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Skin cancer	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Yellow bumps of fatty deposits on skin	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormal fingerprints	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormal hair quantity	Sageli (30–79%)
Chicken skin	Sageli (30–79%)
Coarse hair	Sageli (30–79%)
Curly hair	Sageli (30–79%)
Hyperelastic skin	Sageli (30–79%)
Hyperkeratosis	Sageli (30–79%)
Ichthyosis	Sageli (30–79%)
Irregular hyperpigmentation	Sageli (30–79%)
Liver spots	Sageli (30–79%)
Multiple birthmarks	Sageli (30–79%)
Patchy darkened skin	Sageli (30–79%)
Poor fingernail formation	Sageli (30–79%)
port-wine stain	Sageli (30–79%)
Slow-growing hair	Sageli (30–79%)
Sparse hair	Sageli (30–79%)
Basal cell carcinoma	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Loose redundant skin	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Numerous moles	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Epidermal nevus	Pole registreeritud
Linear nevus sebaceous	Pole registreeritud
Mole	Pole registreeritud
Nevus sebaceous	Pole registreeritud
Patchy lightened skin	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of the cardiovascular system

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Increased spleen size	Alati
Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormal EKG	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormal heart valve morphology	Väga sageli (80–99%)
An opening in the wall separating the top two chambers of the heart	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Collection of dilated blood vessels that forms mass	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Narrowing of lung artery	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Narrowing of pulmonic valve	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormal heart rate	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormal pulmonary valve morphology	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormality of the cardiovascular system	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormality of the lymphatic system	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormality of the spleen	Sageli (30–79%)
Disease of the heart muscle	Sageli (30–79%)
Enlarged and thickened heart muscle	Sageli (30–79%)
Increased blood pressure in blood vessels of lungs	Sageli (30–79%)
Mitral valve prolapse	Sageli (30–79%)
Patent foramen ovale	Sageli (30–79%)
Strawberry birthmark	Sageli (30–79%)
Swollen lymph nodes	Sageli (30–79%)
Tricuspid valve prolapse	Sageli (30–79%)
Visceral angiomatosis	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormal aortic morphology	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Cardiac diverticulum	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Enlarged liver and spleen	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Hole in heart wall separating two lower heart chambers	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Interrupted aortic arch	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Narrowing of aorta	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Narrowing of aortic valve	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Patent ductus arteriosus	Harva (1–4%)
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation	Pole registreeritud
Mini stroke	Pole registreeritud
Strawberry mark	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of the digestive system

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Feeding difficulties	Alati
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	Alati
Abdominal pain	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Absent/small abdominal wall muscles	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Anorexia	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Constipation	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Feeding difficulties in infancy	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Inability to properly digest food due to lack of pancreatic digestive enzymes	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Malabsorption	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Poor appetite	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Colon cancer	Sageli (30–79%)
Enlarged colon lacking nerve cells	Sageli (30–79%)
Enlarged liver	Sageli (30–79%)
Extrahepatic cholestasis	Sageli (30–79%)
Functional intestinal obstruction	Sageli (30–79%)
Gastrostomy tube feeding in infancy	Sageli (30–79%)
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction	Sageli (30–79%)
Jaundice	Sageli (30–79%)
Nausea and vomiting	Sageli (30–79%)
Rectal tumor	Sageli (30–79%)
Stomach tumor	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Cancer of the pancreas	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Functional abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Growths in inner lining of intestine	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Intermittent diarrhea	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Liver cancer	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Peritoneal abscess	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Acid reflux	Pole registreeritud
Bladder exstrophy	Pole registreeritud
Stomach cancer	Pole registreeritud
Vomiting	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Funnel chest	Alati
Wide rib cage	Alati
Back pain	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Double-Jointed	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Inability to make and keep healthy fat tissue	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Low muscle tone	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Multiple fatty lumps	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Muscle weakness	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Pigeon chest	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Shield chest	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Vertebral segmentation defect	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormal deposits of calcium in the brain	Sageli (30–79%)
Bone cyst	Sageli (30–79%)
Breakdown of bone	Sageli (30–79%)
Delayed bone maturation	Sageli (30–79%)
Generalized decreased muscle tone	Sageli (30–79%)
Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm	Sageli (30–79%)
Muscle stiffness	Sageli (30–79%)
Rigidity	Sageli (30–79%)
Scoliosis	Sageli (30–79%)
Skeletal tumor	Sageli (30–79%)
Spasticity and rigidity of muscles	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormal shape of cartilage	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Abnormal skeletal development	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Dysostosis multiplex	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Flexed joint that cannot be straightened	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Osteochondrosis	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Osteopenia	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Hypophosphatemic rickets	Pole registreeritud
Kyphoscoliosis	Pole registreeritud
Recurrent fractures	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of the eye

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Blue eyes	Alati
Bulging eye	Alati
Farsightedness	Alati
Wide-set eyes	Alati
Abnormality of the eye	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormality of vision	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormally small eyeball	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Cat eye	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Drooping upper eyelid	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Noninflammatory retina disease	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Chorioretinal atrophy	Sageli (30–79%)
Close sighted	Sageli (30–79%)
Corneal opacity	Sageli (30–79%)
Cross-eyed	Sageli (30–79%)
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements	Sageli (30–79%)
Amaurosis fugax	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Astigmatism	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Cerebral visual impairment	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Eye muscle paralysis	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Opacification of the corneal stroma	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Optic atrophy	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Partial loss of field of vision	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Visual impairment	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Anisometropia	Pole registreeritud
Cornea of eye less than 10mm in diameter	Pole registreeritud
Notched pupil	Pole registreeritud
Oculomotor apraxia	Pole registreeritud
Optic nerve dysplasia	Pole registreeritud
Progressive loss of vision	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of the genitourinary system

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Abnormality of the reproductive system	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormality of the ureter	Sageli (30–79%)
Undescended testes	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormality of the bladder	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Abnormality of the penis	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Dilatation of the renal pelvis	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Endometrial carcinoma	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Epispadias	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Hydronephrosis	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Hypospadias	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Kidney cancer	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Malignant genitourinary tract tumor	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Ovarian cancer	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Ovarian carcinoma	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Urinary tract neoplasm	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Bladder neoplasm	Pole registreeritud
Horseshoe kidney	Pole registreeritud
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of limbs

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Curvature of little finger	Alati
Back knee	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Thickening of palms and soles	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormal morphology of ulna	Sageli (30–79%)
Deep palm line	Sageli (30–79%)
Outward turned elbows	Sageli (30–79%)
Short fingers or toes	Sageli (30–79%)
Short palm	Sageli (30–79%)
Fused forearm bones	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Knock knees	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Abnormalities of the fingers	Pole registreeritud
Abnormalities of the toes	Pole registreeritud
Asymmetric overgrowth	Pole registreeritud
Finger joint hyperextensibility	Pole registreeritud
Left and right leg differ in length or width	Pole registreeritud
Multiple plantar creases	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of the ear

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Thickened helices	Alati
Ears rotated toward back of head	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Low-set ears	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormality of the ear	Sageli (30–79%)
Hearing impairment	Sageli (30–79%)
Large earlobe	Sageli (30–79%)
Large ears	Sageli (30–79%)
Aplasia of the semicircular canal	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Sensorineural hearing impairment	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Earlobe crease	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Gastrointestinal bleeding	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Abnormal platelet function	Sageli (30–79%)
Abnormality of coagulation	Sageli (30–79%)
Bleeding tendency	Sageli (30–79%)
Blood tumor	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Bruising susceptibility	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Acute myeloid leukemia	Pole registreeritud

Growth abnormality

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Faltering weight	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Faltering weight in infancy	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Short stature	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Uneven or disproportionate growth of one body part compared to another	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Weight loss	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Growth delay	Sageli (30–79%)
Growth delay as children	Mõnikord (5–29%)
General overgrowth	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of the endocrine system

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Pineal cyst	Sageli (30–79%)
Delayed start of first period	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Early onset of puberty	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Neoplasm of the thyroid gland	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Noncancerous tumor in pituitary gland	Mõnikord (5–29%)

Abnormality of the respiratory system

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Laryngeal hypoplasia	Sageli (30–79%)
Laryngeal carcinoma	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Alveolar cell carcinoma	Pole registreeritud
Lung adenocarcinoma	Pole registreeritud
Non-small cell lung carcinoma	Pole registreeritud

Laboratory abnormality

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Diabetes mellitus	Mõnikord (5–29%)
High liver enzymes	Mõnikord (5–29%)
High urine phosphate levels	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Swelling caused by excess lymph fluid under skin	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Increased level of L-fucose in urine	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of the breast

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Wide-spaced nipples	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Breast cancer	Mõnikord (5–29%)
Accessory nipple	Pole registreeritud

Abnormality of prenatal development or birth

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
High levels of amniotic fluid	Sageli (30–79%)
Premature birth	Sageli (30–79%)

Constitutional symptom

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Chronic fatigue	Väga sageli (80–99%)
Fatigue	Väga sageli (80–99%)

Abnormal tissue mass

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Cancer of skin pigment cells	Mõnikord (5–29%)

Abnormality of the immune system

Trait	Kui sageli seda täheldatakse
Baby eczema	Pole registreeritud

Kui sageli see esineb geenist tulenevate seisunditega inimeste seas, kõige sagedamini nende kõigi seas, nagu on märgitud Inimese fenotüübi ontoloogias. Need lehed kirjeldavad tunnuseid ja nende taga olevaid uuringuid; need ei ole diagnoos ning sümptomite kohta tuleks küsida arstilt või geneetilt nõustajalt.

Allikas

The Human Phenotype Ontology, release 2026-09-01: the traits linked to KRAS and how often each is seen. Find out more at hpo.jax.org.

Üks test. Vastused kogu eluks.

Alates 449 $Tasuta kohaletoimetamine · Tulemused 6–8 nädala pärast

Telli oma Genome Test