Traits

Traits linked to KRAS

KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase

The Human Phenotype Ontology links 386 traits to KRAS, by body system: features seen in people with one of the gene's rare conditions.

Abnormality of head or neck

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Benign eye tumor	Visada
Broad neck	Visada
Bulbous nose	Visada
Coarse facial features	Visada
Full lower lip	Visada
Long philtrum	Visada
Short nose	Visada
Skin tag in front of the ear	Visada
Sparse eyebrow	Visada
Abnormal conjunctiva morphology	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormal eyelashes	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Absent eyebrow	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Adenoma sebaceum	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Broad opening between the eyelids	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Corners of eye widely separated	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Cystic hygroma	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Decreased width of the skull	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Depressed nasal bridge	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Flattened bony protrusion above eyes	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Frontal bossing	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Full cheeks	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
High forehead	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
High palate	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Little lower jaw	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Long face	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Midface retrusion	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Nasal tip, upturned	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Prominent back of the head	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Relatively large head	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Short neck	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Sparse or absent eyebrows	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Thickened skin folds of neck	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Triangular face	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Webbed neck	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormal nasolacrimal system morphology	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormality of the eyelid	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormality of the face	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormality of the skull	Dažnai (30–79%)
Asymmetry of the posterior head	Dažnai (30–79%)
Big calvaria	Dažnai (30–79%)
Cheekbone underdevelopment	Dažnai (30–79%)
Deep philtrum	Dažnai (30–79%)
Enlargement of craniofacial bones	Dažnai (30–79%)
Eye folds	Dažnai (30–79%)
Facial asymmetry	Dažnai (30–79%)
Full lips	Dažnai (30–79%)
Giant cell granuloma of mandible	Dažnai (30–79%)
Left unilambdoid synostosis	Dažnai (30–79%)
Long, narrow head	Dažnai (30–79%)
Low hairline at back of neck	Dažnai (30–79%)
Narrow forehead	Dažnai (30–79%)
Narrow opening between the eyelids	Dažnai (30–79%)
Palpebral thickening	Dažnai (30–79%)
Prominent forehead	Dažnai (30–79%)
Short opening between the eyelids	Dažnai (30–79%)
Sparse or absent eyelashes	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormal facial shape	Kartais (5–29%)
Cancer of salivary gland	Kartais (5–29%)
Cleft eyelid	Kartais (5–29%)
Dandy-Walker malformation	Kartais (5–29%)
Early closure of midline skull joint	Kartais (5–29%)
Parietal bossing	Kartais (5–29%)
Submucous cleft hard palate	Kartais (5–29%)
Wide nasal bridge	Kartais (5–29%)
Abnormal dentition	Neužfiksuota
Abnormality of dental color	Neužfiksuota
Abnormality of dental shape	Neužfiksuota
Abnormality of head shape	Neužfiksuota
Absent eyelashes	Neužfiksuota
Bad bite	Neužfiksuota
Broad forehead	Neužfiksuota
Decreased size of nasal bridge	Neužfiksuota
Open bite	Neužfiksuota
Open mouth	Neužfiksuota
Scaphocephaly	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of the nervous system

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Decrease in size of the outer layer of the brain due to loss of brain cells	Visada
Degeneration of cerebrum	Visada
Global developmental delay	Visada
Intellectual disability	Visada
Intellectual disability, severe	Visada
Severe global developmental delay	Visada
Abnormal shape of nervous system	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormal speech pattern	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Absent septum pellucidum	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Absent/small cerebellum	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Agenesis of corpus callosum	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Difficulty articulating speech	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Diminished deep tendon reflex	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
EEG abnormality	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Epilepsy	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Glioblastoma multiforme	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Increased reflexes	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Neurodevelopmental abnormality	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Ventriculomegaly	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Anxiety	Dažnai (30–79%)
Attention deficit	Dažnai (30–79%)
Autism	Dažnai (30–79%)
Behavioral abnormality	Dažnai (30–79%)
Cavity within brain	Dažnai (30–79%)
Chiari type I malformation	Dažnai (30–79%)
Depression	Dažnai (30–79%)
Difficulty finding words	Dažnai (30–79%)
Echoing another person's speech	Dažnai (30–79%)
Inability to speak	Dažnai (30–79%)
Irritability	Dažnai (30–79%)
Migraine	Dažnai (30–79%)
Motor delay	Dažnai (30–79%)
Neurodevelopmental delay	Dažnai (30–79%)
Rise in pressure inside skull	Dažnai (30–79%)
Subcortical cerebral atrophy	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormal gait	Kartais (5–29%)
Abnormal pyramidal sign	Kartais (5–29%)
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum	Kartais (5–29%)
Benign neoplasm of the central nervous system	Kartais (5–29%)
Cancer of early nerve cells	Kartais (5–29%)
Disorder of involuntary muscle movements	Kartais (5–29%)
Disturbed sensory perception	Kartais (5–29%)
Dysgraphia	Kartais (5–29%)
Fluid-filled sac located in membrane surrounding brain or spinal cord	Kartais (5–29%)
Hallucinations	Kartais (5–29%)
Loss of developmental milestones	Kartais (5–29%)
Memory impairment	Kartais (5–29%)
Paralysis	Kartais (5–29%)
Paralysis of all four limbs	Kartais (5–29%)
Paralysis on one side of body	Kartais (5–29%)
Paralysis or weakness of one side of body	Kartais (5–29%)
Peripheral axonal neuropathy	Kartais (5–29%)
Pins and needles feeling	Kartais (5–29%)
Specific learning disability	Kartais (5–29%)
Too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain	Kartais (5–29%)
Weakness of one side of body	Kartais (5–29%)
Hemimegalencephaly	Neužfiksuota
More active than typical	Neužfiksuota
Tongue thrusting	Neužfiksuota
Underdeveloped frontal lobe	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of the integument

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Absence of part of skin at birth	Visada
Few cafe-au-lait spots	Visada
Hyperpigmented streaks	Visada
Absent/small skin	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Beauty mark	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Brittle hair	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Dry skin	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Excessive sweating	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Excessive wrinkled skin	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Fine hair	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Firm lump under the skin	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Generalized hyperpigmentation	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Hair loss	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Skin cancer	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Yellow bumps of fatty deposits on skin	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormal fingerprints	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormal hair quantity	Dažnai (30–79%)
Chicken skin	Dažnai (30–79%)
Coarse hair	Dažnai (30–79%)
Curly hair	Dažnai (30–79%)
Hyperelastic skin	Dažnai (30–79%)
Hyperkeratosis	Dažnai (30–79%)
Ichthyosis	Dažnai (30–79%)
Irregular hyperpigmentation	Dažnai (30–79%)
Liver spots	Dažnai (30–79%)
Multiple birthmarks	Dažnai (30–79%)
Patchy darkened skin	Dažnai (30–79%)
Poor fingernail formation	Dažnai (30–79%)
port-wine stain	Dažnai (30–79%)
Slow-growing hair	Dažnai (30–79%)
Sparse hair	Dažnai (30–79%)
Basal cell carcinoma	Kartais (5–29%)
Loose redundant skin	Kartais (5–29%)
Numerous moles	Kartais (5–29%)
Epidermal nevus	Neužfiksuota
Linear nevus sebaceous	Neužfiksuota
Mole	Neužfiksuota
Nevus sebaceous	Neužfiksuota
Patchy lightened skin	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of the cardiovascular system

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Increased spleen size	Visada
Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormal EKG	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormal heart valve morphology	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
An opening in the wall separating the top two chambers of the heart	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Collection of dilated blood vessels that forms mass	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Narrowing of lung artery	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Narrowing of pulmonic valve	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormal heart rate	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormal pulmonary valve morphology	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormality of the cardiovascular system	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormality of the lymphatic system	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormality of the spleen	Dažnai (30–79%)
Disease of the heart muscle	Dažnai (30–79%)
Enlarged and thickened heart muscle	Dažnai (30–79%)
Increased blood pressure in blood vessels of lungs	Dažnai (30–79%)
Mitral valve prolapse	Dažnai (30–79%)
Patent foramen ovale	Dažnai (30–79%)
Strawberry birthmark	Dažnai (30–79%)
Swollen lymph nodes	Dažnai (30–79%)
Tricuspid valve prolapse	Dažnai (30–79%)
Visceral angiomatosis	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormal aortic morphology	Kartais (5–29%)
Cardiac diverticulum	Kartais (5–29%)
Enlarged liver and spleen	Kartais (5–29%)
Hole in heart wall separating two lower heart chambers	Kartais (5–29%)
Interrupted aortic arch	Kartais (5–29%)
Narrowing of aorta	Kartais (5–29%)
Narrowing of aortic valve	Kartais (5–29%)
Patent ductus arteriosus	Retai (1–4 %)
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation	Neužfiksuota
Mini stroke	Neužfiksuota
Strawberry mark	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of the digestive system

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Feeding difficulties	Visada
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	Visada
Abdominal pain	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Absent/small abdominal wall muscles	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Anorexia	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Constipation	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Feeding difficulties in infancy	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Inability to properly digest food due to lack of pancreatic digestive enzymes	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Malabsorption	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Poor appetite	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Colon cancer	Dažnai (30–79%)
Enlarged colon lacking nerve cells	Dažnai (30–79%)
Enlarged liver	Dažnai (30–79%)
Extrahepatic cholestasis	Dažnai (30–79%)
Functional intestinal obstruction	Dažnai (30–79%)
Gastrostomy tube feeding in infancy	Dažnai (30–79%)
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction	Dažnai (30–79%)
Jaundice	Dažnai (30–79%)
Nausea and vomiting	Dažnai (30–79%)
Rectal tumor	Dažnai (30–79%)
Stomach tumor	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract	Kartais (5–29%)
Cancer of the pancreas	Kartais (5–29%)
Functional abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract	Kartais (5–29%)
Growths in inner lining of intestine	Kartais (5–29%)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Kartais (5–29%)
Intermittent diarrhea	Kartais (5–29%)
Liver cancer	Kartais (5–29%)
Peritoneal abscess	Kartais (5–29%)
Acid reflux	Neužfiksuota
Bladder exstrophy	Neužfiksuota
Stomach cancer	Neužfiksuota
Vomiting	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Funnel chest	Visada
Wide rib cage	Visada
Back pain	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Double-Jointed	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Inability to make and keep healthy fat tissue	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Low muscle tone	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Multiple fatty lumps	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Muscle weakness	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Pigeon chest	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Shield chest	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Vertebral segmentation defect	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormal deposits of calcium in the brain	Dažnai (30–79%)
Bone cyst	Dažnai (30–79%)
Breakdown of bone	Dažnai (30–79%)
Delayed bone maturation	Dažnai (30–79%)
Generalized decreased muscle tone	Dažnai (30–79%)
Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm	Dažnai (30–79%)
Muscle stiffness	Dažnai (30–79%)
Rigidity	Dažnai (30–79%)
Scoliosis	Dažnai (30–79%)
Skeletal tumor	Dažnai (30–79%)
Spasticity and rigidity of muscles	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormal shape of cartilage	Kartais (5–29%)
Abnormal skeletal development	Kartais (5–29%)
Dysostosis multiplex	Kartais (5–29%)
Flexed joint that cannot be straightened	Kartais (5–29%)
Osteochondrosis	Kartais (5–29%)
Osteopenia	Kartais (5–29%)
Hypophosphatemic rickets	Neužfiksuota
Kyphoscoliosis	Neužfiksuota
Recurrent fractures	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of the eye

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Blue eyes	Visada
Bulging eye	Visada
Farsightedness	Visada
Wide-set eyes	Visada
Abnormality of the eye	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormality of vision	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormally small eyeball	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Cat eye	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Drooping upper eyelid	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Noninflammatory retina disease	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Chorioretinal atrophy	Dažnai (30–79%)
Close sighted	Dažnai (30–79%)
Corneal opacity	Dažnai (30–79%)
Cross-eyed	Dažnai (30–79%)
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements	Dažnai (30–79%)
Amaurosis fugax	Kartais (5–29%)
Astigmatism	Kartais (5–29%)
Cerebral visual impairment	Kartais (5–29%)
Eye muscle paralysis	Kartais (5–29%)
Opacification of the corneal stroma	Kartais (5–29%)
Optic atrophy	Kartais (5–29%)
Partial loss of field of vision	Kartais (5–29%)
Visual impairment	Kartais (5–29%)
Anisometropia	Neužfiksuota
Cornea of eye less than 10mm in diameter	Neužfiksuota
Notched pupil	Neužfiksuota
Oculomotor apraxia	Neužfiksuota
Optic nerve dysplasia	Neužfiksuota
Progressive loss of vision	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of the genitourinary system

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Abnormality of the reproductive system	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormality of the ureter	Dažnai (30–79%)
Undescended testes	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormality of the bladder	Kartais (5–29%)
Abnormality of the penis	Kartais (5–29%)
Dilatation of the renal pelvis	Kartais (5–29%)
Endometrial carcinoma	Kartais (5–29%)
Epispadias	Kartais (5–29%)
Hydronephrosis	Kartais (5–29%)
Hypospadias	Kartais (5–29%)
Kidney cancer	Kartais (5–29%)
Malignant genitourinary tract tumor	Kartais (5–29%)
Ovarian cancer	Kartais (5–29%)
Ovarian carcinoma	Kartais (5–29%)
Urinary tract neoplasm	Kartais (5–29%)
Bladder neoplasm	Neužfiksuota
Horseshoe kidney	Neužfiksuota
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of limbs

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Curvature of little finger	Visada
Back knee	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Thickening of palms and soles	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormal morphology of ulna	Dažnai (30–79%)
Deep palm line	Dažnai (30–79%)
Outward turned elbows	Dažnai (30–79%)
Short fingers or toes	Dažnai (30–79%)
Short palm	Dažnai (30–79%)
Fused forearm bones	Kartais (5–29%)
Knock knees	Kartais (5–29%)
Abnormalities of the fingers	Neužfiksuota
Abnormalities of the toes	Neužfiksuota
Asymmetric overgrowth	Neužfiksuota
Finger joint hyperextensibility	Neužfiksuota
Left and right leg differ in length or width	Neužfiksuota
Multiple plantar creases	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of the ear

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Thickened helices	Visada
Ears rotated toward back of head	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Low-set ears	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormality of the ear	Dažnai (30–79%)
Hearing impairment	Dažnai (30–79%)
Large earlobe	Dažnai (30–79%)
Large ears	Dažnai (30–79%)
Aplasia of the semicircular canal	Kartais (5–29%)
Sensorineural hearing impairment	Kartais (5–29%)
Earlobe crease	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Gastrointestinal bleeding	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Abnormal platelet function	Dažnai (30–79%)
Abnormality of coagulation	Dažnai (30–79%)
Bleeding tendency	Dažnai (30–79%)
Blood tumor	Kartais (5–29%)
Bruising susceptibility	Kartais (5–29%)
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia	Kartais (5–29%)
Acute myeloid leukemia	Neužfiksuota

Growth abnormality

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Faltering weight	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Faltering weight in infancy	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Short stature	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Uneven or disproportionate growth of one body part compared to another	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Weight loss	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Growth delay	Dažnai (30–79%)
Growth delay as children	Kartais (5–29%)
General overgrowth	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of the endocrine system

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Pineal cyst	Dažnai (30–79%)
Delayed start of first period	Kartais (5–29%)
Early onset of puberty	Kartais (5–29%)
Neoplasm of the thyroid gland	Kartais (5–29%)
Noncancerous tumor in pituitary gland	Kartais (5–29%)

Abnormality of the respiratory system

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Laryngeal hypoplasia	Dažnai (30–79%)
Laryngeal carcinoma	Kartais (5–29%)
Alveolar cell carcinoma	Neužfiksuota
Lung adenocarcinoma	Neužfiksuota
Non-small cell lung carcinoma	Neužfiksuota

Laboratory abnormality

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Diabetes mellitus	Kartais (5–29%)
High liver enzymes	Kartais (5–29%)
High urine phosphate levels	Kartais (5–29%)
Swelling caused by excess lymph fluid under skin	Kartais (5–29%)
Increased level of L-fucose in urine	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of the breast

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Wide-spaced nipples	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Breast cancer	Kartais (5–29%)
Accessory nipple	Neužfiksuota

Abnormality of prenatal development or birth

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
High levels of amniotic fluid	Dažnai (30–79%)
Premature birth	Dažnai (30–79%)

Constitutional symptom

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Chronic fatigue	Labai dažnai (80–99%)
Fatigue	Labai dažnai (80–99%)

Abnormal tissue mass

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Cancer of skin pigment cells	Kartais (5–29%)

Abnormality of the immune system

Trait	Kaip dažnai pasireiškia
Baby eczema	Neužfiksuota

Kaip dažnai šis požymis pasitaiko žmonėms, turintiems vieną iš geno sukeliamų ligų, ir kuris dažnis tarp jų didžiausias, pagal Žmogaus fenotipo ontologijos duomenis. Šiuose puslapiuose aprašomi požymiai ir juos grindžiantys tyrimai; tai nėra diagnozė, o su simptomais kreipkitės į gydytoją ar genetikos konsultantą.

Iš kur tai žinoma

The Human Phenotype Ontology, release 2026-09-01: the traits linked to KRAS and how often each is seen. Find out more at hpo.jax.org.

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