Trait
Astigmatism
A type of refraction error associated with abnormal curvatures on the anterior and/or posterior surface of the cornea.
Summary
- Also called
- Abnormal curving of the cornea or lens of the eye
- Body system
- Abnormality of the eye
Reference genomeGRCh38hg38
Positions on gene and variant pages follow this choice, in this browser.
Read the genes linked to Astigmatism, and the rest of your genome, with one test.
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Get my Genome Test221 genes linked to Astigmatism
Changes in these genes cause rare conditions in which Astigmatism is seen. Most people with this trait have none of those conditions, and a gene on this list says nothing about anyone's own genome.
| Gene | How often it is seen | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| AHDC1AT-hook DNA binding motif containing 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| ARHGEF2Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 | Always | In 1 condition |
| ARL6ARF like GTPase 6 | Always | In 2 conditions |
| BBS1Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 | Always | In 2 conditions |
| CACNA1Fcalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 F | Always | In 3 conditions |
| CCDC28Bcoiled-coil domain containing 28B | Always | In 1 condition |
| CLDN11claudin 11 | Always | In 1 condition |
| COL9A1collagen type IX alpha 1 chain | Always | In 1 condition |
| COL9A3collagen type IX alpha 3 chain | Always | In 1 condition |
| CRNKL1crooked neck pre-mRNA splicing factor 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| EFEMP1EGF-like fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| ERI1exoribonuclease 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| EXOSC5exosome component 5 | Always | In 1 condition |
| FANCIFA complementation group I | Always | In 2 conditions |
| FBN1fibrillin 1 | Always | In 3 conditions |
| IFT172intraflagellar transport 172 | Always | In 2 conditions |
| INTS11integrator complex subunit 11 | Always | In 1 condition |
| JKAMPJNK1/MAPK8 associated membrane protein | Always | In 1 condition |
| KDM2Blysine demethylase 2B | Always | In 1 condition |
| KDM6Blysine demethylase 6B | Always | In 1 condition |
| LIG4DNA ligase 4 | Always | In 1 condition |
| MAGmyelin associated glycoprotein | Always | In 2 conditions |
| MIR184microRNA 184 | Always | In 1 condition |
| NR6A1nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| PIGQphosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class Q | Always | In 1 condition |
| REREarginine-glutamic acid dipeptide repeats | Always | In 2 conditions |
| SLC38A8solute carrier family 38 member 8 | Always | In 1 condition |
| TUBTUB bipartite transcription factor | Always | In 1 condition |
| UBAP2Lubiquitin associated protein 2 like | Always | In 1 condition |
| AP3D1adaptor related protein complex 3 subunit delta 1 | Very often (80–99%) | In 1 condition |
| DPYDdihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase | Very often (80–99%) | In 2 conditions |
| GPR143G protein-coupled receptor 143 | Very often (80–99%) | In 2 conditions |
| TCEAL1transcription elongation factor A like 1 | Very often (80–99%) | In 1 condition |
| TCF4transcription factor 4 | Very often (80–99%) | In 2 conditions |
| ADAMTS2ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| ADAMTSL2ADAMTS like 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| ALDH3A2aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| APC2APC regulator of Wnt signaling pathway 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| BBS9Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| BLOC1S3biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 1 subunit 3 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
Show 181 more genes
| Gene | How often it is seen | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| CAMTA1calmodulin binding transcription activator 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| CCDC47coiled-coil domain containing 47 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| CHMP1Acharged multivesicular body protein 1A | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| CHST14carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| DSEdermatan sulfate epimerase | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| EBF3EBF transcription factor 3 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| HDAC4histone deacetylase 4 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| HRASHRas proto-oncogene, GTPase | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| INTS1integrator complex subunit 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| KAT6Alysine acetyltransferase 6A | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| KDM5Blysine demethylase 5B | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| KIDINS220kinase D interacting substrate 220 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| KMT2Blysine methyltransferase 2B | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| LMX1BLIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| LRRC8Cleucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit C | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| MBD5methyl-CpG binding domain protein 5 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| MED16mediator complex subunit 16 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| MYO1Hmyosin IH | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| NEUROD2neuronal differentiation 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| NFIXnuclear factor I X | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| NSD1nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PIK3R1phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| POGZpogo transposable element derived with ZNF domain | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| POLR3GLRNA polymerase III subunit GL | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PRDM5PR/SET domain 5 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PRMT7protein arginine methyltransferase 7 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| RNF2ring finger protein 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| RNU4-2RNA, U4 small nuclear 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| RNU5B-1RNA, U5B small nuclear 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| SETD5SET domain containing 5 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| SLC25A24solute carrier family 25 member 24 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| SLC2A10solute carrier family 2 member 10 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| STXBP1syntaxin binding protein 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| TGFBItransforming growth factor beta induced | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| WACWW domain containing adaptor with coiled-coil | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| ZNF469zinc finger protein 469 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| AARS1alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| ADNPactivity dependent neuroprotector homeobox | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| AEBP1AE binding protein 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| ANKRD11ankyrin repeat domain 11 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| ARCN1archain 1 coat protein complex I subunit delta | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| ASH1LASH1 like histone lysine methyltransferase | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BAP1BRCA1 associated deubiquitinase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BBIP1BBSome interacting protein 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BBS10Bardet-Biedl syndrome 10 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BBS12Bardet-Biedl syndrome 12 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BBS2Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BBS4Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BBS5Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BBS7Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BRCA1BRCA1 DNA repair associated | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BRCA2BRCA2 DNA repair associated | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BRIP1BRCA1 interacting DNA helicase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| C1QBPcomplement C1q binding protein | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CAMK2Bcalcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II beta | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CAMSAP1calmodulin regulated spectrin associated protein 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CAPRIN1cell cycle associated protein 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CARS1cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CEP19centrosomal protein 19 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CEP290centrosomal protein 290 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CFAP418cilia and flagella associated protein 418 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CHD3chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CLDN16claudin 16 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| COL4A5collagen type IV alpha 5 chain | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| COL8A2collagen type VIII alpha 2 chain | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CRELD1CRELD disulfide isomerase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| DBR1debranching RNA lariats 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| DPAGT1dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| DYRK1Adual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| EDEM3ER degradation enhancing alpha-mannosidase like protein 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| EMC1ER membrane protein complex subunit 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| ERCC2ERCC excision repair 2, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| ERCC3ERCC excision repair 3, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| ERCC4ERCC excision repair 4, endonuclease catalytic subunit | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| FAAP100FA core complex associated protein 100 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FANCAFA complementation group A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FANCBFA complementation group B | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FANCCFA complementation group C | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FANCD2FA complementation group D2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FANCEFA complementation group E | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FANCFFA complementation group F | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FANCGFA complementation group G | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FANCLFA complementation group L | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FANCMFA complementation group M | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FEM1Bfem-1 homolog B | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FIBPFGF1 intracellular binding protein | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FLNAfilamin A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| GALNT2polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| GATAD2BGATA zinc finger domain containing 2B | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| GRHL2grainyhead like transcription factor 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| GRIA1glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| GTF2E2general transcription factor IIE subunit 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| GTF2H5general transcription factor IIH subunit 5 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| H1-4H1.4 linker histone, cluster member | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| HK1hexokinase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| IFT27intraflagellar transport 27 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| IFT74intraflagellar transport 74 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| KIF11kinesin family member 11 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| KRASKRas proto-oncogene, GTPase | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| LMBRD2LMBR1 domain containing 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| LTBP3latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| LZTFL1leucine zipper transcription factor like 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MAD2L2mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MAN2B1mannosidase alpha class 2B member 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MAP3K7mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MBTPS2membrane bound transcription factor peptidase, site 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MKKSMKKS centrosomal shuttling protein | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MKS1MKS transition zone complex subunit 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MPLKIPM-phase specific PLK1 interacting protein | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MYT1Lmyelin transcription factor 1 like | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| NOGnoggin | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| NOTCH3notch receptor 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| NPHP1nephrocystin 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| NRASNRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| OTUD5OTU deubiquitinase 5 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| OVOL2ovo like zinc finger 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PACS2phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PALB2partner and localizer of BRCA2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PAX2paired box 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PBX1PBX homeobox 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PDZD8PDZ domain containing 8 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PIGTphosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class T | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PPFIA3PPFI scaffold protein A3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PPP1R12Aprotein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PRKAR1Bprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit beta | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PTBP1polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RAD51RAD51 recombinase | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RAD51CRAD51 paralog C | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RAP1BRAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RECQL4RecQ like helicase 4 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RFWD3ring finger and WD repeat domain 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RHOAras homolog family member A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RNF113Aring finger protein 113A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RNU4ATACRNA, U4atac small nuclear | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SCAPERS-phase cyclin A associated protein in the ER | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SCLT1sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SCUBE3signal peptide, CUB domain and EGF like domain containing 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SDCCAG8SHH signaling and ciliogenesis regulator SDCCAG8 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SETBP1SET binding protein 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SGSM3small G protein signaling modulator 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SHOC2SHOC2 leucine rich repeat scaffold protein | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SLC39A8solute carrier family 39 member 8 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| SLX4SLX4 structure-specific endonuclease subunit | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SMG8SMG8 nonsense mediated mRNA decay factor | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TARS1threonyl-tRNA synthetase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TBC1D7TBC1 domain family member 7 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TBCEtubulin folding cofactor E | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TNPO2transportin 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TRA2Btransformer 2 beta homolog | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TRIM32tripartite motif containing 32 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TTC8tetratricopeptide repeat domain 8 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| UBE2Tubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 T | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| USP9Xubiquitin specific peptidase 9 X-linked | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| VSX1visual system homeobox 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| WDPCPWD repeat containing planar cell polarity effector | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| XRCC2X-ray repair cross complementing 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| YY1YY1 transcription factor | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| ZBTB7Azinc finger and BTB domain containing 7A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| ZEB1zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| ZEB2zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| ZFXzinc finger protein X-linked | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| COL4A1collagen type IV alpha 1 chain | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| FBXW7F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| MARK2microtubule affinity regulating kinase 2 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| PPP2R5Dprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'delta | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| ARID1BAT-rich interaction domain 1B | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| CC2D2Acoiled-coil and C2 domain containing 2A | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| CHD4chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| CHRDL1chordin like 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| CLDN19claudin 19 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| DNAJC21DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C21 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| GLRBglycine receptor beta | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| KCNV2potassium voltage-gated channel modifier subfamily V member 2 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| NIPBLNIPBL cohesin loading factor | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| PIEZO2piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| SMARCAL1SNF2 related chromatin remodeling annealing helicase 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| TEAD1TEA domain transcription factor 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| TRIM37tripartite motif containing 37 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| TYRtyrosinase | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| UBE3Bubiquitin protein ligase E3B | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| ZMIZ1zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
How often is among people with one of the gene's conditions, the most often across them, as the Human Phenotype Ontology records it. These pages describe traits and the research behind them; they are not a diagnosis, and a doctor or genetic counsellor is the person to ask about symptoms.
Narrower traits
Broader traits
Where this comes from
- The Human Phenotype Ontology, release 2026-09-01: the trait, its names, its definition and the genes linked to it. Find out more at hpo.jax.org.
- Data release 2026.10.16-c6eea6bf.
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