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Gene

KRAS

KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase

Summary

Cytogenetic location
12p12.1
Coordinates
Chromosome 12: 25,205,246–25,250,929 (GRCh38)
Exons
5 exons across 45.7 kb
Protein
188 amino acids
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant
Also known as
KRAS1, K-Ras4B
Previous symbols
KRAS2
MANE Select transcript
ENST00000311936.8NM_004985.5
Locus type
gene with protein product
  • Very high
  • Confident
  • Low
  • Very low

Curated reports relevant to this gene

  • Autoimmune Disease

    • A disorder resulting from loss of function or tissue destruction of an organ or multiple organs, arising from humoral or cellular immune responses of the individual to their own tissue constituents. It may be systemic (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), or organ specific, (e.g., thyroiditis).

      • 1 GenCC submitter rates it definitive or strong

  • Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS)

    • Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome

      Chronic lymph node and spleen enlargement, autoimmune cytopenias and raised double-negative T cells caused by changes in FAS, FASLG, CASP10 and related apoptosis genes.

      • 1 GenCC submitter rates it definitive or strong
      What knowing changes

      Diagnosis allows sirolimus or other immunosuppression for cytopenias, avoidance of unnecessary splenectomy, lymphoma vigilance and family testing.

  • Noonan Syndrome

    • Autosomal dominant

      Noonan Syndrome (NS) is characterized by short stature, typical facial dysmorphism and congenital heart defects.

      • ClinGen rates the link definitive
      • 6 GenCC submitters rate it definitive or strong
      What knowing changes

      Cardiac surveillance, developmental support, growth hormone therapy, genetic counseling, MEK inhibitor trials

    • Noonan Syndrome and Noonan-Related Syndromes

      A group of RAS pathway conditions, including Noonan, Costello, cardiofaciocutaneous and Legius syndromes, with variable heart defects, short stature and distinctive facial features.

      • ClinGen rates the link definitive
      • 6 GenCC submitters rate it definitive or strong
      What knowing changes

      Knowing about it supports heart, growth and developmental assessment.

Broader groupings

  • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

    • Autosomal dominant

      One of 62 genes linked to it

      A condition in which the myocardium is hypertrophied without an obvious cause. The hypertrophy is generally asymmetric and may be associated with obstruction of the ventricular outflow tract.

      • ClinGen rates the link definitive
      • 6 GenCC submitters rate it definitive or strong
      What knowing changes

      Beta-blockers, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, activity restriction, genetic counseling

  • Other Inborn Errors of Immunity

    • Inborn error of immunity

      One of 114 genes linked to it

      Inherited disorders of the immune system caused by changes in single genes, affecting how the body fights infection or regulates inflammation.

      • 1 GenCC submitter rates it definitive or strong

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant
One changed copy, from either parent, is enough. A parent who has one passes it on to each child with a one-in-two chance.

How KRAS is laid out

  • Coding sequence
  • Untranslated region
  • Intron
  • Direction of transcription
  • Known disease-causing sites
  • Stretches short reads find hard
  • Variants with a page
Chromosome 12, with a bracket where KRAS sits. KRAS and 5 genes near it on chromosome 12, from 24,728,088 to 25,728,087.Chromosome 1212p12.1p13.33p13.32p13.31p13.2p13.1p12.3p12.2p12.1p11.23p11.22p11.21p11.1q11q12q13.11q13.12q13.13q13.2q13.3q14.1q14.2q14.3q15q21.1q21.2q21.31q21.32q21.33q22q23.1q23.2q23.3q24.11q24.12q24.13q24.21q24.22q24.23q24.31q24.32q24.3324.8 Mb25 Mb25.2 Mb25.4 Mb25.6 MbBCAT1: 24,809,944–24,949,556, reverse strandBCAT1IRAG2: 25,004,342–25,108,489, forward strandIRAG2DNAI7: 25,107,809–25,195,170, reverse strandDNAI7ETFRF1: 25,192,435–25,209,953, forward strandETFRF1KRAS: 25,205,246–25,250,929, reverse strandKRASLMNTD1: 25,409,307–25,648,658, reverse strandLMNTD1Diagram of KRAS: 5 exons on the reverse strand of chromosome 12Exon 5: 6 known disease-causing sitesExon 4: 7 known disease-causing sitesExon 3: 19 known disease-causing sitesExon 2: 16 known disease-causing sitesExon 5: 25,205,246–25,209,911, 4,666 basesExon 4: 25,225,614–25,225,773, 160 basesExon 3: 25,227,234–25,227,412, 179 bases. 2 variants with a page in exon 3. List themExon 2: 25,245,274–25,245,395, 122 bases. 1 variant with a page in exon 2. List themExon 1: 25,250,751–25,250,929, 179 bases543215′3′

Exons of the gene's MANE Select transcript (release v1.5), from NCBI and EMBL-EBI, on the GRCh38 reference genome.

Chromosome bands from UCSC's GRCh38 ideogram (2022-10-29).

Nearby genes from Ensembl release 116, on GRCh38.

Exons make up 5.3 kb of the gene's 45.7 kb; 567 of those bases code for the protein.

How a genome test reads KRAS

50

positions in KRAS where ClinVar classes a change as pathogenic or likely pathogenic

6 of them (12%) fall in regions short reads find hard.

  • Segmental duplications (6 sites)Copies of at least 1 kb sharing at least 90% identity with another part of the genome (paralogues, pseudogenes); reads may align to the wrong copy.

A whole genome covers all 45.7 kb of KRAS, introns included, not only the 5.3 kb of exons.

Variants with a page (3)

The KRAS variants with a page here, most review stars first. Each page describes ClinVar's public record of the variant, never a result.

VariantHGVS c.Exon or intronPosition (GRCh38)ClinVar classificationReview status
G60Rc.178G>CExon 325,227,346Pathogenic3 stars out of 4 reviewed by expert panel
P34Lc.101C>TExon 225,245,284Pathogenic3 stars out of 4 reviewed by expert panel
T58Ic.173C>TExon 325,227,351Pathogenic3 stars out of 4 reviewed by expert panel

Genes linked to the same conditions

Traits linked to KRAS

The Human Phenotype Ontology lists these as features of the rare conditions KRAS can cause. Each trait's page lists the other genes linked to it.

Abnormality of head or neck

Show 68 more traits

Abnormality of the nervous system

Show 52 more traits

Abnormality of the cardiovascular system

Show 25 more traits

Abnormality of the digestive system

Show 25 more traits

External links

Where this comes from

  • HGNC: the gene's symbol, name, other symbols and location.
  • MANE Select v1.5, from NCBI and EMBL-EBI: the transcript, its exons and coding sequence.
  • GenCC and ClinGen, released 2026-10-16: which conditions the gene is linked to, and how strongly.
  • The ACMG secondary findings list, SF v3.2.
  • ClinVar and the GIAB stratifications: known disease-causing sites, and the regions short reads find hard.
  • The Human Phenotype Ontology, release 2026-09-01: the traits linked to the gene. Find out more at hpo.jax.org.
  • Data release 2026.10.16-c6eea6bf.

Cite this page

APA

Dante Labs. (n.d.). KRAS gene: KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase. Retrieved 17 October 2026, from https://dantelabs.com/genes/kras

Vancouver

Dante Labs. KRAS gene: KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase [Internet]. [cited 17 October 2026]. Available from: https://dantelabs.com/genes/kras

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