Traits

Traits linked to NRAS

NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase

The Human Phenotype Ontology links 238 traits to NRAS, by body system: features seen in people with one of the gene's rare conditions.

Abnormality of head or neck

Trait	How often it is seen
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids	Always
High forehead	Always
Low hairline at back of neck	Always
Short neck	Always
Adenoma sebaceum	Very often (80–99%)
Corners of eye widely separated	Very often (80–99%)
Cystic hygroma	Very often (80–99%)
Decreased width of the skull	Very often (80–99%)
Frontal bossing	Very often (80–99%)
Full lower lip	Very often (80–99%)
High palate	Very often (80–99%)
Little lower jaw	Very often (80–99%)
Midface retrusion	Very often (80–99%)
Prominent back of the head	Very often (80–99%)
Thickened skin folds of neck	Very often (80–99%)
Triangular face	Very often (80–99%)
Webbed neck	Very often (80–99%)
Asymmetry of the posterior head	Often (30–79%)
Big calvaria	Often (30–79%)
Broad forehead	Often (30–79%)
Facial asymmetry	Often (30–79%)
Dandy-Walker malformation	Sometimes (5–29%)
Mouth sore	Sometimes (5–29%)
Abnormality of dental color	Not recorded
Abnormality of dental shape	Not recorded
Abnormality of head shape	Not recorded
Anterior position of the premaxilla	Not recorded
Broad nasal tip	Not recorded
Deep philtrum	Not recorded
Depressed nasal bridge	Not recorded
Drooping lower lip	Not recorded
Eye folds	Not recorded
Full cheeks	Not recorded
Fullness around the eyes	Not recorded
Long eyebrows	Not recorded
Long philtrum	Not recorded
Narrow nasal ridge	Not recorded
Nasal tip, upturned	Not recorded
Open mouth	Not recorded
Prominent forehead	Not recorded
Round face	Not recorded
Short nose	Not recorded
Wide nasal bridge	Not recorded

Abnormality of the integument

Trait	How often it is seen
Liver spots	Always
Abnormal skin pigmentation	Very often (80–99%)
Beauty mark	Very often (80–99%)
Giant pigmented mole	Very often (80–99%)
Hair loss	Very often (80–99%)
Mole	Very often (80–99%)
Abnormal fingerprints	Often (30–79%)
Abnormal hair quantity	Often (30–79%)
Birthmark	Often (30–79%)
Chicken skin	Often (30–79%)
Coarse hair	Often (30–79%)
Curly hair	Often (30–79%)
Dry skin	Often (30–79%)
Irregular hyperpigmentation	Often (30–79%)
Lack of sweating	Often (30–79%)
Poor wound healing	Often (30–79%)
Choroid plexus papilloma	Sometimes (5–29%)
Cutaneous melanoma	Sometimes (5–29%)
Excessive hair growth	Sometimes (5–29%)
Firm lump under the skin	Sometimes (5–29%)
Itching	Sometimes (5–29%)
Patchy loss of skin color	Sometimes (5–29%)
Sparse hair	Sometimes (5–29%)
Basal cell carcinoma	Not recorded
Ichthyosis	Not recorded
Linear nevus sebaceous	Not recorded
Nevus sebaceous	Not recorded
Nevus spilus	Not recorded
Numerous congenital melanocytic nevi	Not recorded
Numerous moles	Not recorded
Patchy lightened skin	Not recorded

Abnormality of the nervous system

Trait	How often it is seen
Abnormal speech pattern	Very often (80–99%)
Absent/small cerebellum	Very often (80–99%)
Difficulty articulating speech	Very often (80–99%)
Diminished deep tendon reflex	Very often (80–99%)
EEG abnormality	Very often (80–99%)
Epilepsy	Very often (80–99%)
Increased reflexes	Very often (80–99%)
Intellectual disability	Very often (80–99%)
Ventriculomegaly	Very often (80–99%)
Cavity within brain	Often (30–79%)
Intellectual disability, borderline	Often (30–79%)
Motor delay	Often (30–79%)
Neurodevelopmental delay	Often (30–79%)
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum	Sometimes (5–29%)
Ataxia	Sometimes (5–29%)
Behavioral abnormality	Sometimes (5–29%)
Delayed speech and language development	Sometimes (5–29%)
Fluid-filled cyst in spinal cord	Sometimes (5–29%)
Fluid-filled sac located in membrane surrounding brain or spinal cord	Sometimes (5–29%)
Global developmental delay	Sometimes (5–29%)
Headache	Sometimes (5–29%)
Mental deterioration	Sometimes (5–29%)
Noncancerous growth of membranes covering brain	Sometimes (5–29%)
Pressure on spinal cord	Sometimes (5–29%)
Rise in pressure inside skull	Sometimes (5–29%)
Specific learning disability	Sometimes (5–29%)
Too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain	Sometimes (5–29%)
Cranial nerve paralysis	Not recorded
Hemimegalencephaly	Not recorded

Abnormality of the cardiovascular system

Trait	How often it is seen
An opening in the wall separating the top two chambers of the heart	Always
Enlarged and thickened heart muscle	Always
Narrowing of pulmonic valve	Always
Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology	Very often (80–99%)
Abnormal EKG	Very often (80–99%)
Collection of dilated blood vessels that forms mass	Very often (80–99%)
Narrowing of lung artery	Very often (80–99%)
Abnormal heart rate	Often (30–79%)
Abnormal pulmonary valve morphology	Often (30–79%)
Abnormality of the lymphatic system	Often (30–79%)
Abnormality of the spleen	Often (30–79%)
Increased spleen size	Often (30–79%)
Swollen lymph nodes	Often (30–79%)
Narrowing of aorta	Sometimes (5–29%)
Patent foramen ovale	Sometimes (5–29%)
Premature atrial contractions	Sometimes (5–29%)
Patent ductus arteriosus	Rarely (1–4%)
Follicular hyperplasia	Not recorded
Strawberry mark	Not recorded

Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system

Trait	How often it is seen
Generalized decreased muscle tone	Always
Abnormality of the sternum	Very often (80–99%)
Bone pain	Very often (80–99%)
Breakdown of bone	Very often (80–99%)
Double-Jointed	Very often (80–99%)
Funnel chest	Very often (80–99%)
Low muscle tone	Very often (80–99%)
Muscle weakness	Very often (80–99%)
Pigeon chest	Very often (80–99%)
Vertebral segmentation defect	Very often (80–99%)
Wide rib cage	Very often (80–99%)
Delayed bone maturation	Often (30–79%)
Scoliosis	Often (30–79%)
Abnormal deposits of calcium in the brain	Sometimes (5–29%)
Osteopenia	Sometimes (5–29%)
Hypophosphatemic rickets	Rarely (1–4%)
Kyphoscoliosis	Not recorded
Recurrent fractures	Not recorded

Abnormality of the eye

Trait	How often it is seen
Drooping of both upper eyelids	Always
Wide-set eyes	Always
Abnormally small eyeball	Very often (80–99%)
Bulging eye	Very often (80–99%)
Cat eye	Very often (80–99%)
Drooping upper eyelid	Very often (80–99%)
Abnormality of the eye	Often (30–79%)
Abnormality of vision	Often (30–79%)
Blue eyes	Often (30–79%)
Cross-eyed	Often (30–79%)
Astigmatism	Sometimes (5–29%)
Bulging cornea	Sometimes (5–29%)
Close sighted	Sometimes (5–29%)
Corneal opacity	Sometimes (5–29%)
Eye muscle paralysis	Sometimes (5–29%)
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements	Sometimes (5–29%)
Notched pupil	Not recorded

Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues

Trait	How often it is seen
Abnormal platelet function	Often (30–79%)
Abnormality of coagulation	Often (30–79%)
Bleeding tendency	Often (30–79%)
Bruising susceptibility	Sometimes (5–29%)
Decreased blood leukocyte number	Sometimes (5–29%)
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia	Sometimes (5–29%)
Low platelet count	Sometimes (5–29%)
Autoimmune thrombocytopenia	Not recorded
Blood cancer	Not recorded
Cancer of lymphatic system	Not recorded
Hemolytic anemia	Not recorded
High blood monocyte number	Not recorded
High lymphocyte count	Not recorded
Low blood cell count	Not recorded
Low blood neutrophil count	Not recorded
Lymphoproliferative disorder	Not recorded

Abnormality of the digestive system

Trait	How often it is seen
Absent/small abdominal wall muscles	Very often (80–99%)
Enlarged liver	Often (30–79%)
Feeding difficulties	Often (30–79%)
Feeding difficulties in infancy	Often (30–79%)
Liver failure	Rarely (1–4%)
Sclerosing cholangitis	Rarely (1–4%)
Colon cancer	Not recorded
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma	Not recorded
Stomach tumor	Not recorded

Abnormality of the endocrine system

Trait	How often it is seen
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism	Very often (80–99%)
Delayed start of first period	Sometimes (5–29%)
Diabetes insipidus	Sometimes (5–29%)
Early onset of puberty	Sometimes (5–29%)
Reduced circulating growth hormone concentration	Sometimes (5–29%)
Premature breast development	Rarely (1–4%)
Follicular thyroid carcinoma	Not recorded
Non-medullary thyroid carcinoma	Not recorded
Papillary thyroid carcinoma	Not recorded

Abnormality of the genitourinary system

Trait	How often it is seen
Abnormality of the reproductive system	Often (30–79%)
Undescended testes	Often (30–79%)
Dilatation of the renal pelvis	Sometimes (5–29%)
Genital ulcers	Sometimes (5–29%)
Cancer starting in small tubes in kidneys	Not recorded
Horseshoe kidney	Not recorded
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder	Not recorded
Uterine leiomyosarcoma	Not recorded

Abnormality of limbs

Trait	How often it is seen
Back knee	Very often (80–99%)
Curvature of little finger	Sometimes (5–29%)
Fused forearm bones	Sometimes (5–29%)
Short fingers or toes	Sometimes (5–29%)
Abnormalities of the fingers	Not recorded
Abnormalities of the toes	Not recorded
Asymmetric overgrowth	Not recorded

Abnormality of the ear

Trait	How often it is seen
Ears rotated toward back of head	Always
Low-set ears	Always
Thickened helices	Very often (80–99%)
Aplasia of the semicircular canal	Sometimes (5–29%)
Hearing impairment	Sometimes (5–29%)
Sensorineural hearing impairment	Sometimes (5–29%)

Growth abnormality

Trait	How often it is seen
Short stature	Very often (80–99%)
Uneven or disproportionate growth of one body part compared to another	Very often (80–99%)
Growth delay	Often (30–79%)
Growth delay as children	Sometimes (5–29%)
Weight loss	Sometimes (5–29%)
General overgrowth	Not recorded

Abnormality of the immune system

Trait	How often it is seen
Eczema	Often (30–79%)
Skin rash	Often (30–79%)
Recurrent infections	Sometimes (5–29%)
Recurrent respiratory infections	Sometimes (5–29%)
Autoimmunity	Not recorded

Laboratory abnormality

Trait	How often it is seen
Fever	Often (30–79%)
High urine phosphate levels	Sometimes (5–29%)
Low albumin	Sometimes (5–29%)
Swelling caused by excess lymph fluid under skin	Sometimes (5–29%)
Fluid retention	Not recorded

Abnormality of the respiratory system

Trait	How often it is seen
Cough	Often (30–79%)
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis	Sometimes (5–29%)
Spontaneous collapsed lung	Sometimes (5–29%)
Respiratory function loss	Rarely (1–4%)

Abnormal cellular phenotype

Trait	How often it is seen
Decreased T cell apoptosis	Not recorded
Increased antibody level in blood	Not recorded

Abnormality of prenatal development or birth

Trait	How often it is seen
High levels of amniotic fluid	Often (30–79%)
Only one artery in umbilical cord instead of two	Sometimes (5–29%)

Abnormal tissue mass

Trait	How often it is seen
Cancer of skin pigment cells	Not recorded

Abnormality of the breast

Trait	How often it is seen
Wide-spaced nipples	Very often (80–99%)

How often is among people with one of the gene's conditions, the most often across them, as the Human Phenotype Ontology records it. These pages describe traits and the research behind them; they are not a diagnosis, and a doctor or genetic counsellor is the person to ask about symptoms.

Where this comes from

The Human Phenotype Ontology, release 2026-09-01: the traits linked to NRAS and how often each is seen. Find out more at hpo.jax.org.

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