Trait
Inward turning cross eyed
Clinical name: Esotropia
A form of strabismus with one or both eyes turned inward ('crossed') to a relatively severe degree, usually defined as 10 diopters or more.
Summary
- Body system
- Abnormality of the eye
Reference genomeGRCh38hg38
Positions on gene and variant pages follow this choice, in this browser.
Read the genes linked to Inward turning cross eyed, and the rest of your genome, with one test.
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Get my Genome Test204 genes linked to Inward turning cross eyed
Changes in these genes cause rare conditions in which Inward turning cross eyed is seen. Most people with this trait have none of those conditions, and a gene on this list says nothing about anyone's own genome.
| Gene | How often it is seen | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| ADGRG1adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G1 | Always | In 2 conditions |
| ALG9ALG9 alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase | Always | In 2 conditions |
| ATIC5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase | Always | In 1 condition |
| ATOH7atonal bHLH transcription factor 7 | Always | In 1 condition |
| EBPEBP cholestenol delta-isomerase | Always | In 1 condition |
| EXOSC5exosome component 5 | Always | In 1 condition |
| FASTKD5FASTK mitochondrial RNA regulator 5 | Always | In 1 condition |
| FBXO28F-box protein 28 | Always | In 1 condition |
| FDXRferredoxin reductase | Always | In 1 condition |
| H4C11H4 clustered histone 11 | Always | In 1 condition |
| HMGB3high mobility group box 3 | Always | In 1 condition |
| HOXB1homeobox B1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| HPS3HPS3 biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 2 subunit 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| INPP4Ainositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type I A | Always | In 1 condition |
| ITPR1inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| LGI4leucine rich repeat LGI family member 4 | Always | In 1 condition |
| MED16mediator complex subunit 16 | Always | In 1 condition |
| MYOD1myogenic differentiation 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| NHEJ1non-homologous end joining factor 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| NSD1nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| POLGDNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit | Always | In 1 condition |
| THAP11THAP domain containing 11 | Always | In 1 condition |
| UBAP2Lubiquitin associated protein 2 like | Always | In 1 condition |
| UNC13Aunc-13 homolog A | Always | In 1 condition |
| ADAT3adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 3 | Very often (80–99%) | In 1 condition |
| DDOSTdolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase non-catalytic subunit | Very often (80–99%) | In 1 condition |
| SOBPsine oculis binding protein homolog | Very often (80–99%) | In 1 condition |
| AHCYadenosylhomocysteinase | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| AHDC1AT-hook DNA binding motif containing 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| ALG2ALG2 alpha-1,3/1,6-mannosyltransferase | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| ANTXR1ANTXR cell adhesion molecule 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| ATAD3AATPase family AAA domain containing 3A | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| ATP1A2ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| ATP1A3ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 3 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| CACNA1Acalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| CHMP1Acharged multivesicular body protein 1A | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| COL12A1collagen type XII alpha 1 chain | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| COL4A2collagen type IV alpha 2 chain | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| COL6A1collagen type VI alpha 1 chain | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| COL6A2collagen type VI alpha 2 chain | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
Show 164 more genes
| Gene | How often it is seen | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| COL6A3collagen type VI alpha 3 chain | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| CPLANE1ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector complex subunit 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| EXOSC9exosome component 9 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| FAM149B1family with sequence similarity 149 member B1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| FGF10fibroblast growth factor 10 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| FZD4frizzled class receptor 4 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| GALCgalactosylceramidase | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| GLRBglycine receptor beta | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| GRID2glutamate ionotropic receptor delta type subunit 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| GRM1glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| KAT6Alysine acetyltransferase 6A | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| KIAA0753KIAA0753 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| KIDINS220kinase D interacting substrate 220 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| KIF7kinesin family member 7 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| LRP5LDL receptor related protein 5 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| MAU2MAU2 sister chromatid cohesion factor | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| MT-TL2mitochondrially encoded tRNA-Leu (CUN) 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| NCDNneurochondrin | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| NEUROD2neuronal differentiation 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| NEXMIFneurite extension and migration factor | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| OFD1OFD1 centriole and centriolar satellite protein | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PDE6Dphosphodiesterase 6D | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PHGDHphosphoglycerate dehydrogenase | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PMM2phosphomannomutase 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| POU4F1POU class 4 homeobox 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PPFIA3PPFI scaffold protein A3 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PPP1R21protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 21 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| RHOBTB2Rho related BTB domain containing 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| ROBO3roundabout guidance receptor 3 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| SALL2spalt like transcription factor 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| SCN2Asodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| SLC12A6solute carrier family 12 member 6 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| SLC1A3solute carrier family 1 member 3 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| SLC2A1solute carrier family 2 member 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| SYT1synaptotagmin 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| TCTN3tectonic family member 3 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| TMEM216transmembrane protein 216 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| TMEM231transmembrane protein 231 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| TOPORSTOP1 binding arginine/serine rich protein, E3 ubiquitin ligase | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| TUBB3tubulin beta 3 class III | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| UNC80unc-80 subunit of NALCN channel complex | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| USP7ubiquitin specific peptidase 7 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| ZSWIM6zinc finger SWIM-type containing 6 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| AARS1alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| ABCC9ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 9 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| AP1G1adaptor related protein complex 1 subunit gamma 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BLOC1S3biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 1 subunit 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CAMK2Bcalcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II beta | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CARS1cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CDKL5cyclin dependent kinase like 5 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CHD8chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CLCN3Cl-/H+ antiporter 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| COL25A1collagen type XXV alpha 1 chain | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CRELD1CRELD disulfide isomerase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CYB5Acytochrome b5 type A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CYB5R3cytochrome b5 reductase 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| DBR1debranching RNA lariats 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| DLK1delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| DPM1dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase subunit 1, catalytic | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| DYRK1Adual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| EMC1ER membrane protein complex subunit 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| ERCC2ERCC excision repair 2, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| ERCC3ERCC excision repair 3, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FAM177A1family with sequence similarity 177 member A1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FRMD5FERM domain containing 5 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| GNA14G protein subunit alpha 14 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| GNB1G protein subunit beta 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| GTF2E2general transcription factor IIE subunit 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| GTF2H5general transcription factor IIH subunit 5 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| GTF3C3general transcription factor IIIC subunit 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| HERC2HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| HPDL4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase like | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| IRF2BPLinterferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein like | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| KAT8lysine acetyltransferase 8 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| KCNMA1potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| KDM6Blysine demethylase 6B | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| KIF21Akinesin family member 21A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| LIM2lens intrinsic membrane protein 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| LRMDAleucine rich melanocyte differentiation associated | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| LRPPRCleucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| LRRC7leucine rich repeat containing 7 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MADDMAP kinase activating death domain | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MAGEL2MAGE family member L2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 3 conditions |
| MEG3maternally expressed 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MKRN3makorin ring finger protein 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MPLKIPM-phase specific PLK1 interacting protein | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| NALCNsodium leak channel, non-selective | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| NPAP1nuclear pore associated protein 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| NR2F1nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| NTNG2netrin G2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PCDHGC4protocadherin gamma subfamily C, 4 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PDE4Dphosphodiesterase 4D | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PGAP2post-GPI attachment to proteins 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PGAP3post-GPI attachment to proteins phospholipase 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PHOX2Apaired like homeobox 2A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PIDD1p53-induced death domain protein 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PIGLphosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PIGNphosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class N | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PIGOphosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class O | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PIGVphosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class V | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PIGWphosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class W | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PIGYphosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class Y | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PIK3R1phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| POLA1DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PORCNporcupine O-acyltransferase | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PPP2R5Cprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'gamma | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PRKAR1Bprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit beta | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PUF60poly(U) binding splicing factor 60 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PURApurine rich element binding protein A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PWAR1Prader Willi/Angelman region RNA 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PWRN1Prader-Willi region non-protein coding RNA 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PYCR2pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| REREarginine-glutamic acid dipeptide repeats | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RNASEH1ribonuclease H1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RNF113Aring finger protein 113A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RORARAR related orphan receptor A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RRAS2RAS related 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RRM2Bribonucleotide reductase regulatory TP53 inducible subunit M2B | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| RTL1retrotransposon Gag like 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SEC23ASEC23 homolog A, COPII component | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SIAH1siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SNORD115-1small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SNORD116-1small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116-1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SONSON DNA and RNA binding protein | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TARS1threonyl-tRNA synthetase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TBCKTBC1 domain containing kinase | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TTI1TELO2 interacting protein 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TUBA1Atubulin alpha 1a | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TUBB2Btubulin beta 2B class IIb | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| UFC1ubiquitin-fold modifier conjugating enzyme 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| UFSP2UFM1 specific peptidase 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| WSB2WD repeat and SOCS box containing 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| AGTPBP1ATP/GTP binding carboxypeptidase 1 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| COL8A2collagen type VIII alpha 2 chain | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| EXOSC3exosome component 3 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| EXOSC8exosome component 8 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| FBN1fibrillin 1 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| GRHL2grainyhead like transcription factor 2 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| OVOL2ovo like zinc finger 2 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| SLC25A46solute carrier family 25 member 46 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| VRK1VRK serine/threonine kinase 1 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| VSX1visual system homeobox 1 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| ZEB1zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| AMMECR1AMMECR nuclear protein 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| ARHGAP31Rho GTPase activating protein 31 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| B3GAT3beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 3 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| CHST3carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| CLP1cleavage factor polyribonucleotide kinase subunit 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| COL11A1collagen type XI alpha 1 chain | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| CRB1crumbs cell polarity complex component 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| GBA1glucosylceramidase beta 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| HUWE1HECT, UBA and WWE domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| IARS2isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| LAGE3L antigen family member 3 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| MBD5methyl-CpG binding domain protein 5 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| PEX5peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| PIGTphosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class T | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| SOSTsclerostin | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| SREBF1sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| TBC1D23TBC1 domain family member 23 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| TBX1T-box transcription factor 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| TENM3teneurin transmembrane protein 3 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| TRIT1tRNA isopentenyltransferase 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| ZEB2zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
How often is among people with one of the gene's conditions, the most often across them, as the Human Phenotype Ontology records it. These pages describe traits and the research behind them; they are not a diagnosis, and a doctor or genetic counsellor is the person to ask about symptoms.
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Broader traits
Where this comes from
- The Human Phenotype Ontology, release 2026-09-01: the trait, its names, its definition and the genes linked to it. Find out more at hpo.jax.org.
- Data release 2026.10.16-c6eea6bf.
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