Trait
Hammertoe
Hyperextension of the metatarsal-phalangeal joint with hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint.
Summary
- Also called
- Hammer toe, Hammertoes
Reference genomeGRCh38hg38
Positions on gene and variant pages follow this choice, in this browser.
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Get my Genome Test63 genes linked to Hammertoe
Changes in these genes cause rare conditions in which Hammertoe is seen. Most people with this trait have none of those conditions, and a gene on this list says nothing about anyone's own genome.
| Gene | How often it is seen | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| ADCY6adenylate cyclase 6 | Always | In 1 condition |
| AEBP1AE binding protein 1 | Always | In 2 conditions |
| CHP1calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| COX18cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor COX18 | Always | In 1 condition |
| DARS2aspartyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial | Always | In 1 condition |
| ESAMendothelial cell adhesion molecule | Always | In 1 condition |
| GNB4G protein subunit beta 4 | Always | In 1 condition |
| MAD1L1mitotic arrest deficient 1 like 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| MPV17mitochondrial inner membrane protein MPV17 | Always | In 2 conditions |
| PDXKpyridoxal kinase | Always | In 1 condition |
| PMP2peripheral myelin protein 2 | Always | In 1 condition |
| SPTAN1spectrin alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| TBCBtubulin folding cofactor B | Always | In 1 condition |
| TOR1Atorsin family 1 member A | Always | In 1 condition |
| SYT2synaptotagmin 2 | Very often (80–99%) | In 1 condition |
| VCPvalosin containing protein | Very often (80–99%) | In 2 conditions |
| BCORBCL6 corepressor | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| ESCO2establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| GDAP1ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 3 conditions |
| ITPR3inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| LMNAlamin A/C | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| NDRG1N-myc downstream regulated 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| NEFLneurofilament light chain | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PEX7peroxisomal biogenesis factor 7 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PHYHphytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PLEKHG5pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G5 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| RTN2reticulon 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| SH3TC2SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeats 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| ARHGAP19Rho GTPase activating protein 19 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| BSCL2BSCL2 lipid droplet biogenesis associated, seipin | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| GARS1glycyl-tRNA synthetase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 3 conditions |
| GBF1golgi brefeldin A resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| HARS1histidyl-tRNA synthetase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 2 conditions |
| KAT6Alysine acetyltransferase 6A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| LRSAM1leucine rich repeat and sterile alpha motif containing 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| NRCAMneuronal cell adhesion molecule | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PMP22peripheral myelin protein 22 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 5 conditions |
| REEP1receptor accessory protein 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SLC35A3solute carrier family 35 member A3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| VRK1VRK serine/threonine kinase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
Show 23 more genes
| Gene | How often it is seen | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| MORC2MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| AARS1alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| BMPERBMP binding endothelial regulator | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| CHCHD10coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 10 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| COA7cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| DCAF8DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 8 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| DHCR77-dehydrocholesterol reductase | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| EGR2early growth response 2 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| FBN1fibrillin 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| FXNfrataxin | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| HSD17B4hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 4 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| INF2inverted formin 2 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| KIF1Bkinesin family member 1B | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| MFN2mitofusin 2 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| MPZmyelin protein zero | Not recorded | In 3 conditions |
| MYH8myosin heavy chain 8 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| PRXperiaxin | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| RAB7ARAB7A, member RAS oncogene family | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| SACSsacsin molecular chaperone | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| SBF2SET binding factor 2 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| SIGMAR1sigma receptor chaperone 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| SPARTspartin | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| TRPV4transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
How often is among people with one of the gene's conditions, the most often across them, as the Human Phenotype Ontology records it. These pages describe traits and the research behind them; they are not a diagnosis, and a doctor or genetic counsellor is the person to ask about symptoms.
Broader traits
Where this comes from
- The Human Phenotype Ontology, release 2026-09-01: the trait, its names, its definition and the genes linked to it. Find out more at hpo.jax.org.
- Data release 2026.10.16-c6eea6bf.
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