Traits

Traits linked to DPP9

dipeptidyl peptidase 9

The Human Phenotype Ontology links 55 traits to DPP9, by body system: features seen in people with one of the gene's rare conditions.

Abnormality of the respiratory system

Trait	How often it is seen
Abnormality in area between air sacs in lung	Very often (80–99%)
Cough	Often (30–79%)
Crackles	Often (30–79%)
Decreased DLCO	Often (30–79%)
Exertional breathlessness	Often (30–79%)
Ground-glass opacification	Often (30–79%)
Honeycomb lung	Often (30–79%)
Permanent enlargement of the airways of the lungs	Often (30–79%)
Pulmonary scarring	Often (30–79%)
Reduced forced vital capacity	Often (30–79%)
Reticular pattern on pulmonary HRCT	Often (30–79%)
Subpleural honeycombing	Often (30–79%)
Usual interstitial pneumonia	Often (30–79%)
Orthodeoxia	Sometimes (5–29%)

Abnormality of the immune system

Trait	How often it is seen
Decreased immune function	Always
Recurrent bronchitis	Always
Recurrent infections	Always
Susceptibility to herpesvirus	Always
Allergy	Often (30–79%)
Asthma	Often (30–79%)
Baby eczema	Often (30–79%)
Eczema	Often (30–79%)

Abnormality of the integument

Trait	How often it is seen
Fair hair	Often (30–79%)
Hyperpigmented/hypopigmented macules	Often (30–79%)
Persistent blue color of hands or feet	Often (30–79%)
Dry skin	Sometimes (5–29%)
Lack of sweating	Sometimes (5–29%)
Poor wound healing	Sometimes (5–29%)
Premature graying of hair	Sometimes (5–29%)
Thickened skin	Sometimes (5–29%)

Abnormality of the nervous system

Trait	How often it is seen
Autism spectrum disorder	Often (30–79%)
Delayed speech and language development	Often (30–79%)
Slurred speech	Often (30–79%)
Specific learning disability	Often (30–79%)
Febrile seizure (within the age range of 3 months to 6 years)	Sometimes (5–29%)

Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues

Trait	How often it is seen
Low blood cell count	Always
Low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin	Always
Petechiae	Always

Abnormality of the digestive system

Trait	How often it is seen
Acid reflux	Often (30–79%)
Feeding difficulties	Often (30–79%)
Inguinal hernia	Often (30–79%)

Growth abnormality

Trait	How often it is seen
Faltering weight	Always
Proportionate short stature	Always
Prenatal growth deficiency	Often (30–79%)

Abnormality of head or neck

Trait	How often it is seen
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids	Often (30–79%)
Broad forehead	Sometimes (5–29%)

Abnormality of the genitourinary system

Trait	How often it is seen
Hypospadias	Sometimes (5–29%)
Undescended testes	Sometimes (5–29%)

Constitutional symptom

Trait	How often it is seen
Fatigue	Often (30–79%)
Decreased ability to exercise	Sometimes (5–29%)

Abnormality of limbs

Trait	How often it is seen
Clubbing of fingers	Often (30–79%)

Abnormality of the cardiovascular system

Trait	How often it is seen
Pulmonic regurgitation	Sometimes (5–29%)

Abnormality of the ear

Trait	How often it is seen
Recurrent middle ear infection	Often (30–79%)

Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system

Trait	How often it is seen
Missing part of vertebrae	Always

Laboratory abnormality

Trait	How often it is seen
Episodic fever	Always

How often is among people with one of the gene's conditions, the most often across them, as the Human Phenotype Ontology records it. These pages describe traits and the research behind them; they are not a diagnosis, and a doctor or genetic counsellor is the person to ask about symptoms.

Where this comes from

The Human Phenotype Ontology, release 2026-09-01: the traits linked to DPP9 and how often each is seen. Find out more at hpo.jax.org.

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