Trait
Difficulty staying or falling asleep
Clinical name: Insomnia
Persistent difficulty in starting or maintaining sleep, or waking up earlier than desired, despite having adequate opportunities and conditions for sleep.
Summary
- Also called
- Inability to sleep
- Body system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
Reference genomeGRCh38hg38
Positions on gene and variant pages follow this choice, in this browser.
Read the genes linked to Difficulty staying or falling asleep, and the rest of your genome, with one test.
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Get my Genome Test72 genes linked to Difficulty staying or falling asleep
Changes in these genes cause rare conditions in which Difficulty staying or falling asleep is seen. Most people with this trait have none of those conditions, and a gene on this list says nothing about anyone's own genome.
| Gene | How often it is seen | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| FDXRferredoxin reductase | Always | In 1 condition |
| MCCC1methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| NEUROG1neurogenin 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| RNU5B-1RNA, U5B small nuclear 1 | Always | In 1 condition |
| GALNT2polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 | Very often (80–99%) | In 1 condition |
| HCRThypocretin neuropeptide precursor | Very often (80–99%) | In 1 condition |
| HLA-DQB1major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1 | Very often (80–99%) | In 1 condition |
| HLA-DRB1major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1 | Very often (80–99%) | In 1 condition |
| NOL3nucleolar protein 3 | Very often (80–99%) | In 1 condition |
| PRNPprion protein (Kanno blood group) | Very often (80–99%) | In 3 conditions |
| ZNF365zinc finger protein 365 | Very often (80–99%) | In 1 condition |
| ABCB11ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| ABCB4ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| ATP7BATPase copper transporting beta | Often (30–79%) | In 2 conditions |
| ATP8B1ATPase phospholipid transporting 8B1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| BAZ1Bbromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 1B | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| BUD23BUD23 rRNA methyltransferase and ribosome maturation factor | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| CALRcalreticulin | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| CLIP2CAP-Gly domain containing linker protein 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| DNAJC30DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C30 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| EIF4Heukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| ELNelastin | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| FAM177A1family with sequence similarity 177 member A1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| FKBP6FKBP prolyl isomerase family member 6 (inactive) | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| GTF2Igeneral transcription factor IIi | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| GTF2IRD1GTF2I repeat domain containing 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| GTF2IRD2GTF2I repeat domain containing 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| JAK2Janus kinase 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| LIMK1LIM domain kinase 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| MARK2microtubule affinity regulating kinase 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| METTL27methyltransferase like 27 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| MPLMPL proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| NCF1neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| NR1H4nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PDE2Aphosphodiesterase 2A | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| PPP2R5Cprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'gamma | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| RFC2replication factor C subunit 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| SH2B3SH2B adaptor protein 3 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| STX1Asyntaxin 1A | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| TBL2transducin beta like 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
Show 32 more genes
| Gene | How often it is seen | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| TET2tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| TMEM270transmembrane protein 270 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| TP53tumor protein p53 | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| VPS37DVPS37D subunit of ESCRT-I | Often (30–79%) | In 1 condition |
| DNAJC6DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C6 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| FARS2phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| GUK1guanylate kinase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| HEXBhexosaminidase subunit beta | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| HMBShydroxymethylbilane synthase | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| HTRA2HtrA serine peptidase 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| HTThuntingtin | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| KAT6Alysine acetyltransferase 6A | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| LRRK2leucine rich repeat kinase 2 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| MEN1menin 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| NAGSN-acetylglutamate synthase | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PARK7Parkinsonism associated deglycase | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PINK1PTEN induced kinase 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PODXLpodocalyxin like | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| PRKNparkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SLC25A13solute carrier family 25 member 13 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SLC2A3solute carrier family 2 member 3 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SNCAsynuclein alpha | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| SYNJ1synaptojanin 1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| TUBB3tubulin beta 3 class III | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| UCHL1ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| VPS13Cvacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog C | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| YY1YY1 transcription factor | Sometimes (5–29%) | In 1 condition |
| CLCNKBchloride voltage-gated channel Kb | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| SLC12A3solute carrier family 12 member 3 | Rarely (1–4%) | In 1 condition |
| CPOXcoproporphyrinogen oxidase | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| DCTN1dynactin subunit 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
| STUB1STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1 | Not recorded | In 1 condition |
How often is among people with one of the gene's conditions, the most often across them, as the Human Phenotype Ontology records it. These pages describe traits and the research behind them; they are not a diagnosis, and a doctor or genetic counsellor is the person to ask about symptoms.
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Where this comes from
- The Human Phenotype Ontology, release 2026-09-01: the trait, its names, its definition and the genes linked to it. Find out more at hpo.jax.org.
- Data release 2026.10.16-c6eea6bf.
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