Traits

Traits linked to RHD

Rh blood group D antigen

The Human Phenotype Ontology links 27 traits to RHD, by body system: features seen in people with one of the gene's rare conditions.

Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues

Trait	How often it is seen
Hemolytic anemia	Very often (80–99%)
Increased immature red blood cells	Very often (80–99%)
Increased red cell osmotic fragility	Very often (80–99%)
Hypochromia	Often (30–79%)
Spherocytosis	Often (30–79%)
Stomatocytosis	Often (30–79%)
Unequal size of red blood cells	Sometimes (5–29%)
Macrocytic anemia	Rarely (1–4%)

Abnormality of prenatal development or birth

Trait	How often it is seen
Low levels of amniotic fluid	Sometimes (5–29%)
Fetal ascites	Not recorded
Fetal pericardial effusion	Not recorded
Fetal pleural effusion	Not recorded
High levels of amniotic fluid	Not recorded

Laboratory abnormality

Trait	How often it is seen
Decreased circulating haptoglobin concentration	Very often (80–99%)
High blood bilirubin levels	Often (30–79%)
Increased circulating lactate dehydrogenase concentration	Often (30–79%)
Hydrops fetalis	Not recorded

Abnormality of the cardiovascular system

Trait	How often it is seen
Elevated heart rate	Sometimes (5–29%)
Enlarged liver and spleen	Sometimes (5–29%)
Increased spleen size	Not recorded

Abnormality of the digestive system

Trait	How often it is seen
Jaundice	Sometimes (5–29%)
Enlarged liver	Not recorded

Abnormality of the respiratory system

Trait	How often it is seen
Increased respiratory rate or depth of breathing	Sometimes (5–29%)
Low blood oxygen level	Sometimes (5–29%)

Abnormality of the immune system

Trait	How often it is seen
Positive direct antiglobulin test	Very often (80–99%)

Abnormality of the nervous system

Trait	How often it is seen
Kernicterus	Not recorded

Growth abnormality

Trait	How often it is seen
Prenatal growth deficiency	Sometimes (5–29%)

How often is among people with one of the gene's conditions, the most often across them, as the Human Phenotype Ontology records it. These pages describe traits and the research behind them; they are not a diagnosis, and a doctor or genetic counsellor is the person to ask about symptoms.

Where this comes from

The Human Phenotype Ontology, release 2026-09-01: the traits linked to RHD and how often each is seen. Find out more at hpo.jax.org.

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