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Risk score · Cancer

Bladder Cancer Polygenic Risk Score

Bladder cancer starts in the lining of the bladder. Tobacco smoking is the main risk factor, accounting for about half of cases, and workplace or environmental carcinogens also raise risk.

A risk score adds up many common variants, each with a small effect, into an estimate of genetic predisposition. It is not a diagnosis.

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Limitations

  • The score does not include smoking or workplace carcinogen exposure, which account for much of the risk.

References

  1. Lobo N, Afferi L, Moschini M, Mostafid H, Porten S, Psutka SP et al., 2022. Epidemiology, Screening, and Prevention of Bladder Cancer
  2. Zhu Q, Sun K, Yao Y, Li H, Li X, Chen R et al., 2026. The global landscape of cancer burden attributable to tobacco smoking in 2022: a population-based systematic analysis

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