Trait

Dark color of gums

Clinical name: Intra-oral hyperpigmentation

Increased pigmentation, either focal or generalized, of the mucosa of the mouth.

HPO HP:0010284

Also called: Pigmented gums, Hyperpigmentation of oral mucosa, Oral mucosa melanin pigmentation, Oral racial pigmentation
Body system: Abnormality of head or neck

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9 genes linked to Dark color of gums

Changes in these genes cause rare conditions in which Dark color of gums is seen. Most people with this trait have none of those conditions, and a gene on this list says nothing about anyone's own genome.

Gene	How often it is seen	Conditions
ABCD1ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 1	Often (30–79%)	In 1 condition
ATRXATRX chromatin remodeler	Often (30–79%)	In 1 condition
BRAFB-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Often (30–79%)	In 1 condition
CDH23cadherin related 23	Often (30–79%)	In 1 condition
NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Often (30–79%)	In 1 condition
TP53tumor protein p53	Often (30–79%)	In 1 condition
USP48ubiquitin specific peptidase 48	Often (30–79%)	In 1 condition
USP8ubiquitin specific peptidase 8	Often (30–79%)	In 1 condition
MTX2metaxin 2	Sometimes (5–29%)	In 1 condition

How often is among people with one of the gene's conditions, the most often across them, as the Human Phenotype Ontology records it. These pages describe traits and the research behind them; they are not a diagnosis, and a doctor or genetic counsellor is the person to ask about symptoms.

Broader traits

Abnormal color of the oral mucosa

Where this comes from

The Human Phenotype Ontology, release 2026-09-01: the trait, its names, its definition and the genes linked to it. Find out more at hpo.jax.org.
Data release 2026.10.16-c6eea6bf.

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