{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/premature-ventricular-contraction",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "premature-ventricular-contraction",
    "id": "HP:0006682",
    "name": "Extra heart beat",
    "label": "Premature ventricular contraction",
    "definition": "Premature ventricular contractions (PVC) or ventricular extrasystoles are premature contractions of the heart that arise in response to an impulse in the ventricles rather than the normal impulse from the sinoatrial (SA) node.",
    "synonyms": [
      "Missed heartbeat",
      "Skipped heartbeat",
      "Premature ventricular beat",
      "Premature ventricular contractions",
      "Ventricular ectopics",
      "Ventricular extrasystoles",
      "Ventricular premature beat"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the cardiovascular system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "ventricular-arrhythmia",
        "name": "Ventricular arrhythmia",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/ventricular-arrhythmia"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "ventricular-bigeminy",
        "name": "Ventricular bigeminy",
        "genes": 4,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/ventricular-bigeminy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "polymorphic-and-polytopic-ventricular-extrasystoles",
        "name": "Polymorphic and polytopic ventricular extrasystoles",
        "genes": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/polymorphic-and-polytopic-ventricular-extrasystoles"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ventricular-couplet",
        "name": "Ventricular couplet",
        "genes": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/ventricular-couplet"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bidirectional-ventricular-ectopy",
        "name": "Bidirectional ventricular ectopy",
        "genes": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/bidirectional-ventricular-ectopy"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "calm1",
        "symbol": "CALM1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1442",
        "name": "calmodulin 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/calm1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cnbp",
        "symbol": "CNBP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13164",
        "name": "CCHC-type zinc finger nucleic acid binding protein",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cnbp"
      },
      {
        "slug": "depdc5",
        "symbol": "DEPDC5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18423",
        "name": "DEP domain containing 5, GATOR1 subcomplex subunit",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/depdc5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "emd",
        "symbol": "EMD",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3331",
        "name": "emerin",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/emd"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcne1",
        "symbol": "KCNE1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6240",
        "name": "potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcne1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tecrl",
        "symbol": "TECRL",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:27365",
        "name": "trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase like",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tecrl"
      },
      {
        "slug": "trdn",
        "symbol": "TRDN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12261",
        "name": "triadin",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/trdn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "jup",
        "symbol": "JUP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6207",
        "name": "junction plakoglobin",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/jup"
      },
      {
        "slug": "calm2",
        "symbol": "CALM2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1445",
        "name": "calmodulin 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/calm2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dsg2",
        "symbol": "DSG2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3049",
        "name": "desmoglein 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dsg2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dsp",
        "symbol": "DSP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3052",
        "name": "desmoplakin",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dsp"
      },
      {
        "slug": "myzap",
        "symbol": "MYZAP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:43444",
        "name": "myocardial zonula adherens protein",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/myzap"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pkp2",
        "symbol": "PKP2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9024",
        "name": "plakophilin 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pkp2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tor1aip1",
        "symbol": "TOR1AIP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29456",
        "name": "torsin 1A interacting protein 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tor1aip1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "alpk3",
        "symbol": "ALPK3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17574",
        "name": "alpha kinase 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/alpk3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cacna1s",
        "symbol": "CACNA1S",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1397",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacna1s"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cdh2",
        "symbol": "CDH2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1759",
        "name": "cadherin 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cdh2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dohh",
        "symbol": "DOHH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28662",
        "name": "deoxyhypusine hydroxylase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dohh"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnj2",
        "symbol": "KCNJ2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6263",
        "name": "potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnj2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnj5",
        "symbol": "KCNJ5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6266",
        "name": "potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 5",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnj5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nfix",
        "symbol": "NFIX",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7788",
        "name": "nuclear factor I X",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nfix"
      },
      {
        "slug": "popdc2",
        "symbol": "POPDC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17648",
        "name": "popeye domain cAMP effector 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/popdc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ryr1",
        "symbol": "RYR1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10483",
        "name": "ryanodine receptor 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ryr1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tango2",
        "symbol": "TANGO2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25439",
        "name": "transport and golgi organization 2 homolog",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tango2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vezf1",
        "symbol": "VEZF1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12949",
        "name": "vascular endothelial zinc finger 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/vezf1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scn5a",
        "symbol": "SCN5A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10593",
        "name": "sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/scn5a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dpp6",
        "symbol": "DPP6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3010",
        "name": "dipeptidyl peptidase like 6",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dpp6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "naa10",
        "symbol": "NAA10",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18704",
        "name": "N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/naa10"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc25a20",
        "symbol": "SLC25A20",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1421",
        "name": "solute carrier family 25 member 20",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc25a20"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tmem43",
        "symbol": "TMEM43",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28472",
        "name": "transmembrane protein 43",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tmem43"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tnni3k",
        "symbol": "TNNI3K",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:19661",
        "name": "TNNI3 interacting kinase",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tnni3k"
      }
    ]
  }
}