{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/focal-dystonia",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "focal-dystonia",
    "id": "HP:0004373",
    "name": "Focal dystonia",
    "definition": "A type of dystonia that is localized to a specific part of the body.",
    "synonyms": [],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the nervous system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "dystonia",
        "name": "Dystonia",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/dystonia"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "writer-s-cramp",
        "name": "Writer's cramp",
        "genes": 24,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/writer-s-cramp"
      },
      {
        "slug": "laryngeal-dystonia",
        "name": "Laryngeal dystonia",
        "genes": 15,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/laryngeal-dystonia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "craniofacial-dystonia",
        "name": "Abnormal craniofacial muscle tone",
        "genes": 14,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/craniofacial-dystonia"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "tspoap1",
        "symbol": "TSPOAP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16831",
        "name": "TSPO associated protein 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tspoap1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gnal",
        "symbol": "GNAL",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4388",
        "name": "G protein subunit alpha L",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gnal"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mapt",
        "symbol": "MAPT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6893",
        "name": "microtubule associated protein tau",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mapt"
      },
      {
        "slug": "arx",
        "symbol": "ARX",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18060",
        "name": "aristaless related homeobox",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/arx"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ciz1",
        "symbol": "CIZ1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16744",
        "name": "CDKN1A interacting zinc finger protein 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ciz1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "col6a3",
        "symbol": "COL6A3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2213",
        "name": "collagen type VI alpha 3 chain",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/col6a3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ftl",
        "symbol": "FTL",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3999",
        "name": "ferritin light chain",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ftl"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gch1",
        "symbol": "GCH1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4193",
        "name": "GTP cyclohydrolase 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gch1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "impdh2",
        "symbol": "IMPDH2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6053",
        "name": "inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/impdh2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nr4a2",
        "symbol": "NR4A2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7981",
        "name": "nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nr4a2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pank2",
        "symbol": "PANK2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15894",
        "name": "pantothenate kinase 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pank2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pla2g6",
        "symbol": "PLA2G6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9039",
        "name": "phospholipase A2 group VI",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pla2g6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prkn",
        "symbol": "PRKN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8607",
        "name": "parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prkn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "taf1",
        "symbol": "TAF1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11535",
        "name": "TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/taf1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "th",
        "symbol": "TH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11782",
        "name": "tyrosine hydroxylase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/th"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aldh18a1",
        "symbol": "ALDH18A1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9722",
        "name": "aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family member A1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/aldh18a1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hexb",
        "symbol": "HEXB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4879",
        "name": "hexosaminidase subunit beta",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hexb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "timm8a",
        "symbol": "TIMM8A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11817",
        "name": "translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/timm8a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prkcg",
        "symbol": "PRKCG",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9402",
        "name": "protein kinase C gamma",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prkcg"
      }
    ]
  }
}