{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/chromosome-breakage",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.16-c6eea6bf",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "chromosome-breakage",
    "id": "HP:0040012",
    "name": "Chromosome breakage",
    "definition": "Elevated rate of chromosomal breakage or interchanges occurring either spontaneously or following exposure to various DNA-damaging agents. This feature may be assayed by treatment of cultured lymphocytes with agents such as chemical mutagens, irradiation, and alkylating agents.",
    "synonyms": [
      "High frequency of chromosome breaks in lymphocytes",
      "Increased chromosomal breakage",
      "Increased chromosomal breakage rate",
      "Multiple chromosomal breaks",
      "Tendency to chromosomal breakage"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-cellular-phenotype",
        "name": "Abnormal cellular phenotype",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-cellular-phenotype"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-metabolism-homeostasis",
        "name": "Laboratory abnormality",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-metabolism-homeostasis"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-chromosome-stability",
        "name": "Abnormality of chromosome stability",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-chromosome-stability"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "chromosomal-breakage-induced-by-crosslinking-agents",
        "name": "Chromosomal breakage induced by crosslinking agents",
        "genes": 15,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/chromosomal-breakage-induced-by-crosslinking-agents"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chromosomal-breakage-induced-by-ionizing-radiation",
        "name": "Chromosomal breakage induced by ionizing radiation",
        "genes": 13,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/chromosomal-breakage-induced-by-ionizing-radiation"
      },
      {
        "slug": "folate-dependent-fragile-site-at-xq28",
        "name": "Folate-dependent fragile site at Xq28",
        "genes": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/folate-dependent-fragile-site-at-xq28"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "ercc4",
        "symbol": "ERCC4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3436",
        "name": "ERCC excision repair 4, endonuclease catalytic subunit",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ercc4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fancl",
        "symbol": "FANCL",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20748",
        "name": "FA complementation group L",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fancl"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nbn",
        "symbol": "NBN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7652",
        "name": "nibrin",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nbn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rad51c",
        "symbol": "RAD51C",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9820",
        "name": "RAD51 paralog C",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rad51c"
      },
      {
        "slug": "xrcc2",
        "symbol": "XRCC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12829",
        "name": "X-ray repair cross complementing 2",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/xrcc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "blm",
        "symbol": "BLM",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1058",
        "name": "BLM RecQ like helicase",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/blm"
      },
      {
        "slug": "brca1",
        "symbol": "BRCA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1100",
        "name": "BRCA1 DNA repair associated",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/brca1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mcm4",
        "symbol": "MCM4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6947",
        "name": "minichromosome maintenance complex component 4",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mcm4"
      }
    ]
  }
}