{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/carpal-synostosis",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "carpal-synostosis",
    "id": "HP:0009702",
    "name": "Fused wrist bones",
    "label": "Carpal synostosis",
    "definition": "Synostosis (bony fusion) involving one or more bones of the carpus (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate, pisiform).",
    "synonyms": [
      "Carpal bone fusion",
      "Carpal fusion",
      "Fused carpal bones",
      "Fusion of carpal bones",
      "Synostosis involving the carpal bones"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-limbs",
        "name": "Abnormality of limbs",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-limbs"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-carpal-morphology",
        "name": "Abnormal wrist bones",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-carpal-morphology"
      },
      {
        "slug": "synostosis-involving-bones-of-the-hand",
        "name": "Fused hand bones",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/synostosis-involving-bones-of-the-hand"
      },
      {
        "slug": "synostosis-of-carpals-tarsals",
        "name": "Wrist bone/ankle bone fusions",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/synostosis-of-carpals-tarsals"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "synostosis-of-carpal-bones",
        "name": "Fusion of wrist bones",
        "genes": 26,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/synostosis-of-carpal-bones"
      },
      {
        "slug": "capitate-hamate-fusion",
        "name": "Capitate-hamate fusion",
        "genes": 13,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/capitate-hamate-fusion"
      },
      {
        "slug": "partial-fusion-of-carpals",
        "name": "Partial fusion of carpals",
        "genes": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/partial-fusion-of-carpals"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "bmpr1b",
        "symbol": "BMPR1B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1077",
        "name": "bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bmpr1b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "col27a1",
        "symbol": "COL27A1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:22986",
        "name": "collagen type XXVII alpha 1 chain",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/col27a1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hoxa13",
        "symbol": "HOXA13",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5102",
        "name": "homeobox A13",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hoxa13"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nog",
        "symbol": "NOG",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7866",
        "name": "noggin",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 4,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nog"
      },
      {
        "slug": "map3k7",
        "symbol": "MAP3K7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6859",
        "name": "mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/map3k7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fgfr3",
        "symbol": "FGFR3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3690",
        "name": "fibroblast growth factor receptor 3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fgfr3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "flnb",
        "symbol": "FLNB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3755",
        "name": "filamin B",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/flnb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "myh3",
        "symbol": "MYH3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7573",
        "name": "myosin heavy chain 3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/myh3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sall4",
        "symbol": "SALL4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15924",
        "name": "spalt like transcription factor 4",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sall4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "b3galt6",
        "symbol": "B3GALT6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17978",
        "name": "beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 6",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/b3galt6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "flna",
        "symbol": "FLNA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3754",
        "name": "filamin A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/flna"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chsy1",
        "symbol": "CHSY1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17198",
        "name": "chondroitin sulfate synthase 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chsy1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gdf5",
        "symbol": "GDF5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4220",
        "name": "growth differentiation factor 5",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gdf5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hoxd13",
        "symbol": "HOXD13",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5136",
        "name": "homeobox D13",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hoxd13"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pax3",
        "symbol": "PAX3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8617",
        "name": "paired box 3",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pax3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "por",
        "symbol": "POR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9208",
        "name": "cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/por"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rbm8a",
        "symbol": "RBM8A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9905",
        "name": "RNA binding motif protein 8A",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rbm8a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "recql4",
        "symbol": "RECQL4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9949",
        "name": "RecQ like helicase 4",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/recql4"
      }
    ]
  }
}