{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/bipolar-affective-disorder",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "bipolar-affective-disorder",
    "id": "HP:0007302",
    "name": "Bipolar disorder",
    "label": "Bipolar affective disorder",
    "definition": "Bipolar disorder is an illness of mood characterized by alternating episodes of elevated and depressed moods, which are interspersed with euthymic periods.",
    "synonyms": [
      "Bipolar depression",
      "Manic depressive"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the nervous system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "diagnostic-behavioral-phenotype",
        "name": "Diagnostic behavioral phenotype",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/diagnostic-behavioral-phenotype"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "mecp2",
        "symbol": "MECP2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6990",
        "name": "methyl-CpG binding protein 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mecp2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "arvcf",
        "symbol": "ARVCF",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:728",
        "name": "ARVCF delta catenin family member",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/arvcf"
      },
      {
        "slug": "atp2a2",
        "symbol": "ATP2A2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:812",
        "name": "ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/atp2a2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cep85l",
        "symbol": "CEP85L",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21638",
        "name": "centrosomal protein 85L",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cep85l"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chrna7",
        "symbol": "CHRNA7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1960",
        "name": "cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chrna7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "clcn4",
        "symbol": "CLCN4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2022",
        "name": "Cl-/H+ antiporter 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/clcn4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "comt",
        "symbol": "COMT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2228",
        "name": "catechol-O-methyltransferase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/comt"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fli1",
        "symbol": "FLI1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3749",
        "name": "Fli-1 proto-oncogene, ETS transcription factor",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fli1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gp1bb",
        "symbol": "GP1BB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4440",
        "name": "glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit beta",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gp1bb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gria1",
        "symbol": "GRIA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4571",
        "name": "glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gria1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hira",
        "symbol": "HIRA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4916",
        "name": "histone cell cycle regulator",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hira"
      },
      {
        "slug": "jmjd1c",
        "symbol": "JMJD1C",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12313",
        "name": "jumonji domain containing 1C",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/jmjd1c"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-co1",
        "symbol": "MT-CO1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7419",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-co1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-co2",
        "symbol": "MT-CO2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7421",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-co2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-co3",
        "symbol": "MT-CO3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7422",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-co3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-nd1",
        "symbol": "MT-ND1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7455",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-nd1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-nd4",
        "symbol": "MT-ND4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7459",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-nd4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-nd5",
        "symbol": "MT-ND5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7461",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 5",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-nd5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-nd6",
        "symbol": "MT-ND6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7462",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 6",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-nd6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-tf",
        "symbol": "MT-TF",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7481",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded tRNA-Phe (UUU/C)",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-tf"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-th",
        "symbol": "MT-TH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7487",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded tRNA-His (CAU/C)",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-th"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-tl1",
        "symbol": "MT-TL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7490",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded tRNA-Leu (UUA/G) 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-tl1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-tq",
        "symbol": "MT-TQ",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7495",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded tRNA-Gln (CAA/G)",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-tq"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-ts1",
        "symbol": "MT-TS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7497",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded tRNA-Ser (UCN) 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-ts1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-ts2",
        "symbol": "MT-TS2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7498",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded tRNA-Ser (AGU/C) 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-ts2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-tw",
        "symbol": "MT-TW",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7501",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded tRNA-Trp (UGA/G)",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-tw"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pdgfrb",
        "symbol": "PDGFRB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8804",
        "name": "platelet derived growth factor receptor beta",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pdgfrb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rbm12",
        "symbol": "RBM12",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9898",
        "name": "RNA binding motif protein 12",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rbm12"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rps6ka3",
        "symbol": "RPS6KA3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10432",
        "name": "ribosomal protein S6 kinase A3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rps6ka3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rreb1",
        "symbol": "RREB1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10449",
        "name": "ras responsive element binding protein 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rreb1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rrp12",
        "symbol": "RRP12",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29100",
        "name": "ribosomal RNA processing 12 homolog",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rrp12"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sec24c",
        "symbol": "SEC24C",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10705",
        "name": "SEC24 homolog C, COPII component",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sec24c"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tbx1",
        "symbol": "TBX1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11592",
        "name": "T-box transcription factor 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tbx1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ufd1",
        "symbol": "UFD1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12520",
        "name": "ubiquitin recognition factor in ER associated degradation 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ufd1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vps16",
        "symbol": "VPS16",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:14584",
        "name": "VPS16 core subunit of CORVET and HOPS complexes",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/vps16"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dnmt3a",
        "symbol": "DNMT3A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2978",
        "name": "DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dnmt3a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ehmt1",
        "symbol": "EHMT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:24650",
        "name": "euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ehmt1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fa2h",
        "symbol": "FA2H",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21197",
        "name": "fatty acid 2-hydroxylase",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fa2h"
      },
      {
        "slug": "polg",
        "symbol": "POLG",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9179",
        "name": "DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/polg"
      },
      {
        "slug": "polg2",
        "symbol": "POLG2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9180",
        "name": "DNA polymerase gamma 2, accessory subunit",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/polg2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rnu4-2",
        "symbol": "RNU4-2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10193",
        "name": "RNA, U4 small nuclear 2",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rnu4-2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rrm2b",
        "symbol": "RRM2B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17296",
        "name": "ribonucleotide reductase regulatory TP53 inducible subunit M2B",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rrm2b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc25a4",
        "symbol": "SLC25A4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10990",
        "name": "solute carrier family 25 member 4",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc25a4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smpd1",
        "symbol": "SMPD1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11120",
        "name": "sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smpd1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tbck",
        "symbol": "TBCK",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28261",
        "name": "TBC1 domain containing kinase",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tbck"
      },
      {
        "slug": "twnk",
        "symbol": "TWNK",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1160",
        "name": "twinkle mtDNA helicase",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/twnk"
      }
    ]
  }
}