{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-testis-morphology",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.16-c6eea6bf",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "abnormal-testis-morphology",
    "id": "HP:0000035",
    "name": "Abnormality of the testis",
    "label": "Abnormal testis morphology",
    "definition": "An anomaly of the testicle (the male gonad).",
    "synonyms": [
      "Anomaly of the testes"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-genitourinary-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the genitourinary system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-genitourinary-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-male-external-genitalia-morphology",
        "name": "Abnormal male external genitalia morphology",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-male-external-genitalia-morphology"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "cryptorchidism",
        "name": "Undescended testes",
        "genes": 791,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/cryptorchidism"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hydrocele-testis",
        "name": "Hydrocele testis",
        "genes": 35,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hydrocele-testis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "orchitis",
        "name": "Inflammation of testicles",
        "genes": 16,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/orchitis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "testicular-atrophy",
        "name": "Testicular degeneration",
        "genes": 16,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/testicular-atrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dysplastic-testis",
        "name": "Dysplastic testis",
        "genes": 13,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/dysplastic-testis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "testicular-neoplasm",
        "name": "Testicular cancer",
        "genes": 13,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/testicular-neoplasm"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vanishing-testis",
        "name": "Vanishing testis",
        "genes": 11,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/vanishing-testis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "retractile-testis",
        "name": "Retractile testis",
        "genes": 5,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/retractile-testis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-leydig-cells",
        "name": "Abnormality of the Leydig cells",
        "genes": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-leydig-cells"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ectopic-testis",
        "name": "Ectopic testis",
        "genes": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/ectopic-testis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "testicular-torsion",
        "name": "Testicular torsion",
        "genes": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/testicular-torsion"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sertoli-cell-only-phenotype",
        "name": "Sertoli cell-only phenotype",
        "genes": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/sertoli-cell-only-phenotype"
      },
      {
        "slug": "testicular-microlithiasis",
        "name": "Testicular microlithiasis",
        "genes": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/testicular-microlithiasis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "monorchism",
        "name": "Monorchism",
        "genes": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/monorchism"
      },
      {
        "slug": "primary-testicular-failure",
        "name": "Primary testicular failure",
        "genes": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/primary-testicular-failure"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sertoli-cell-hypoplasia",
        "name": "Sertoli cell hypoplasia",
        "genes": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/sertoli-cell-hypoplasia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "testicular-fibrosis",
        "name": "Testicular fibrosis",
        "genes": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/testicular-fibrosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "testicular-lipomatosis",
        "name": "Testicular lipomatosis",
        "genes": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/testicular-lipomatosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-testis-size",
        "name": "Abnormality of the testis size",
        "genes": 0,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-testis-size"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "ywhaz",
        "symbol": "YWHAZ",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12855",
        "name": "tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ywhaz"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lmna",
        "symbol": "LMNA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6636",
        "name": "lamin A/C",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lmna"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bcs1l",
        "symbol": "BCS1L",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1020",
        "name": "BCS1 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex chaperone",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bcs1l"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ehmt1",
        "symbol": "EHMT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:24650",
        "name": "euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ehmt1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gnas",
        "symbol": "GNAS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4392",
        "name": "GNAS complex locus",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gnas"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smarca2",
        "symbol": "SMARCA2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11098",
        "name": "SWI/SNF related BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit ATPase 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smarca2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "wrn",
        "symbol": "WRN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12791",
        "name": "WRN RecQ like helicase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/wrn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "acd",
        "symbol": "ACD",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25070",
        "name": "ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/acd"
      },
      {
        "slug": "atm",
        "symbol": "ATM",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:795",
        "name": "ATM serine/threonine kinase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/atm"
      },
      {
        "slug": "brca1",
        "symbol": "BRCA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1100",
        "name": "BRCA1 DNA repair associated",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/brca1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "brca2",
        "symbol": "BRCA2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1101",
        "name": "BRCA2 DNA repair associated",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/brca2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "brip1",
        "symbol": "BRIP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20473",
        "name": "BRCA1 interacting DNA helicase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/brip1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cox7b",
        "symbol": "COX7B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2291",
        "name": "cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cox7b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ctc1",
        "symbol": "CTC1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26169",
        "name": "CST telomere replication complex component 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ctc1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dkc1",
        "symbol": "DKC1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2890",
        "name": "dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dkc1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ercc4",
        "symbol": "ERCC4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3436",
        "name": "ERCC excision repair 4, endonuclease catalytic subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ercc4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "faap100",
        "symbol": "FAAP100",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26171",
        "name": "FA core complex associated protein 100",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/faap100"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fanca",
        "symbol": "FANCA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3582",
        "name": "FA complementation group A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fanca"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fancb",
        "symbol": "FANCB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3583",
        "name": "FA complementation group B",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fancb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fancc",
        "symbol": "FANCC",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3584",
        "name": "FA complementation group C",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fancc"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fancd2",
        "symbol": "FANCD2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3585",
        "name": "FA complementation group D2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fancd2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fance",
        "symbol": "FANCE",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3586",
        "name": "FA complementation group E",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fance"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fancf",
        "symbol": "FANCF",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3587",
        "name": "FA complementation group F",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fancf"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fancg",
        "symbol": "FANCG",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3588",
        "name": "FA complementation group G",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fancg"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fanci",
        "symbol": "FANCI",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25568",
        "name": "FA complementation group I",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fanci"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fancl",
        "symbol": "FANCL",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20748",
        "name": "FA complementation group L",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fancl"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fancm",
        "symbol": "FANCM",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23168",
        "name": "FA complementation group M",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fancm"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gja1",
        "symbol": "GJA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4274",
        "name": "gap junction protein alpha 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gja1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gjb3",
        "symbol": "GJB3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4285",
        "name": "gap junction protein beta 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gjb3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gjb4",
        "symbol": "GJB4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4286",
        "name": "gap junction protein beta 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gjb4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hccs",
        "symbol": "HCCS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4837",
        "name": "holocytochrome c synthase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hccs"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kdsr",
        "symbol": "KDSR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4021",
        "name": "3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kdsr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mad2l2",
        "symbol": "MAD2L2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6764",
        "name": "mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mad2l2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ndufb11",
        "symbol": "NDUFB11",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20372",
        "name": "NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B11",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ndufb11"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nhp2",
        "symbol": "NHP2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:14377",
        "name": "NHP2 ribonucleoprotein",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nhp2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nop10",
        "symbol": "NOP10",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:14378",
        "name": "NOP10 ribonucleoprotein",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nop10"
      },
      {
        "slug": "npm1",
        "symbol": "NPM1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7910",
        "name": "nucleophosmin 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/npm1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "palb2",
        "symbol": "PALB2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26144",
        "name": "partner and localizer of BRCA2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/palb2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "parn",
        "symbol": "PARN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8609",
        "name": "poly(A)-specific ribonuclease",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/parn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rad51",
        "symbol": "RAD51",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9817",
        "name": "RAD51 recombinase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rad51"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rad51c",
        "symbol": "RAD51C",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9820",
        "name": "RAD51 paralog C",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rad51c"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rfwd3",
        "symbol": "RFWD3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25539",
        "name": "ring finger and WD repeat domain 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rfwd3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rtel1",
        "symbol": "RTEL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15888",
        "name": "regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rtel1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slx4",
        "symbol": "SLX4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23845",
        "name": "SLX4 structure-specific endonuclease subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slx4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "terc",
        "symbol": "TERC",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11727",
        "name": "telomerase RNA component",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/terc"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tert",
        "symbol": "TERT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11730",
        "name": "telomerase reverse transcriptase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tert"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tinf2",
        "symbol": "TINF2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11824",
        "name": "TERF1 interacting nuclear factor 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tinf2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tyms",
        "symbol": "TYMS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12441",
        "name": "thymidylate synthetase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tyms"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ube2t",
        "symbol": "UBE2T",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25009",
        "name": "ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 T",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ube2t"
      },
      {
        "slug": "usb1",
        "symbol": "USB1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25792",
        "name": "U6 snRNA biogenesis phosphodiesterase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/usb1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "wrap53",
        "symbol": "WRAP53",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25522",
        "name": "WD repeat containing antisense to TP53",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/wrap53"
      },
      {
        "slug": "xrcc2",
        "symbol": "XRCC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12829",
        "name": "X-ray repair cross complementing 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/xrcc2"
      }
    ]
  }
}