{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/back-pain",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "back-pain",
    "id": "HP:0003418",
    "name": "Back pain",
    "definition": "An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the back.",
    "synonyms": [],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
      },
      {
        "slug": "constitutional-symptom",
        "name": "Constitutional symptom",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/constitutional-symptom"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-vertebral-column",
        "name": "Abnormality of the vertebral column",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-vertebral-column"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pain",
        "name": "Pain",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/pain"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "low-back-pain",
        "name": "Lumbago",
        "genes": 17,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/low-back-pain"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "fhl1",
        "symbol": "FHL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3702",
        "name": "four and a half LIM domains 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fhl1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rab32",
        "symbol": "RAB32",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9772",
        "name": "RAB32, member RAS oncogene family",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rab32"
      },
      {
        "slug": "trappc2",
        "symbol": "TRAPPC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23068",
        "name": "trafficking protein particle complex subunit 2",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/trappc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vcp",
        "symbol": "VCP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12666",
        "name": "valosin containing protein",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/vcp"
      },
      {
        "slug": "atp7b",
        "symbol": "ATP7B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:870",
        "name": "ATPase copper transporting beta",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/atp7b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "brca1",
        "symbol": "BRCA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1100",
        "name": "BRCA1 DNA repair associated",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/brca1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "brca2",
        "symbol": "BRCA2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1101",
        "name": "BRCA2 DNA repair associated",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/brca2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cdkn2a",
        "symbol": "CDKN2A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1787",
        "name": "cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cdkn2a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kras",
        "symbol": "KRAS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6407",
        "name": "KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kras"
      },
      {
        "slug": "palb2",
        "symbol": "PALB2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26144",
        "name": "partner and localizer of BRCA2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/palb2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "palld",
        "symbol": "PALLD",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17068",
        "name": "palladin, cytoskeletal associated protein",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/palld"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rabl3",
        "symbol": "RABL3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18072",
        "name": "RAB, member of RAS oncogene family like 3",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rabl3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smad4",
        "symbol": "SMAD4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6770",
        "name": "SMAD family member 4",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smad4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tp53",
        "symbol": "TP53",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11998",
        "name": "tumor protein p53",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tp53"
      },
      {
        "slug": "clcn7",
        "symbol": "CLCN7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2025",
        "name": "Cl-/H+ antiporter 7",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/clcn7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dll3",
        "symbol": "DLL3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2909",
        "name": "delta like canonical Notch ligand 3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dll3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "emd",
        "symbol": "EMD",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3331",
        "name": "emerin",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/emd"
      },
      {
        "slug": "flnc",
        "symbol": "FLNC",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3756",
        "name": "filamin C",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/flnc"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hgd",
        "symbol": "HGD",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4892",
        "name": "homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hgd"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hmbs",
        "symbol": "HMBS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4982",
        "name": "hydroxymethylbilane synthase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hmbs"
      },
      {
        "slug": "htra1",
        "symbol": "HTRA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9476",
        "name": "HtrA serine peptidase 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/htra1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lmna",
        "symbol": "LMNA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6636",
        "name": "lamin A/C",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lmna"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lmx1b",
        "symbol": "LMX1B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6654",
        "name": "LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lmx1b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mesp2",
        "symbol": "MESP2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29659",
        "name": "mesoderm posterior bHLH transcription factor 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mesp2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nkx3-2",
        "symbol": "NKX3-2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:951",
        "name": "NK3 homeobox 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nkx3-2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "plekhm1",
        "symbol": "PLEKHM1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29017",
        "name": "pleckstrin homology and RUN domain containing M1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/plekhm1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "polr3gl",
        "symbol": "POLR3GL",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28466",
        "name": "RNA polymerase III subunit GL",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/polr3gl"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ppox",
        "symbol": "PPOX",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9280",
        "name": "protoporphyrinogen oxidase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ppox"
      },
      {
        "slug": "syne1",
        "symbol": "SYNE1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17089",
        "name": "spectrin repeat containing nuclear envelope protein 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/syne1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "syne2",
        "symbol": "SYNE2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17084",
        "name": "spectrin repeat containing nuclear envelope protein 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/syne2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tcirg1",
        "symbol": "TCIRG1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11647",
        "name": "T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tcirg1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tmem43",
        "symbol": "TMEM43",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28472",
        "name": "transmembrane protein 43",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tmem43"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tnxb",
        "symbol": "TNXB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11976",
        "name": "tenascin XB",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tnxb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abcd1",
        "symbol": "ABCD1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:61",
        "name": "ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/abcd1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "alg8",
        "symbol": "ALG8",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23161",
        "name": "ALG8 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/alg8"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ccnd1",
        "symbol": "CCND1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1582",
        "name": "cyclin D1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ccnd1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cd46",
        "symbol": "CD46",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6953",
        "name": "CD46 molecule",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cd46"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cfh",
        "symbol": "CFH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4883",
        "name": "complement factor H",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cfh"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cfi",
        "symbol": "CFI",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5394",
        "name": "complement factor I",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cfi"
      },
      {
        "slug": "col2a1",
        "symbol": "COL2A1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2200",
        "name": "collagen type II alpha 1 chain",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/col2a1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cpox",
        "symbol": "CPOX",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2321",
        "name": "coproporphyrinogen oxidase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cpox"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fli1",
        "symbol": "FLI1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3749",
        "name": "Fli-1 proto-oncogene, ETS transcription factor",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fli1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hellpar",
        "symbol": "HELLPAR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:43984",
        "name": "HELLP associated long non-coding RNA",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hellpar"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lrp5",
        "symbol": "LRP5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6697",
        "name": "LDL receptor related protein 5",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lrp5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prkcsh",
        "symbol": "PRKCSH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9411",
        "name": "PRKCSH beta subunit of glucosidase II",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prkcsh"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rasa1",
        "symbol": "RASA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9871",
        "name": "RAS p21 protein activator 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rasa1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sec63",
        "symbol": "SEC63",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21082",
        "name": "SEC63 protein translocation regulator",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sec63"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sfrp4",
        "symbol": "SFRP4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10778",
        "name": "secreted frizzled related protein 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sfrp4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc22a12",
        "symbol": "SLC22A12",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17989",
        "name": "solute carrier family 22 member 12",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc22a12"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc2a9",
        "symbol": "SLC2A9",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13446",
        "name": "solute carrier family 2 member 9",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc2a9"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tbx18",
        "symbol": "TBX18",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11595",
        "name": "T-box transcription factor 18",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tbx18"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vhl",
        "symbol": "VHL",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12687",
        "name": "von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/vhl"
      },
      {
        "slug": "akt1",
        "symbol": "AKT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:391",
        "name": "AKT serine/threonine kinase 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/akt1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bap1",
        "symbol": "BAP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:950",
        "name": "BRCA1 associated deubiquitinase 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bap1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "matn3",
        "symbol": "MATN3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6909",
        "name": "matrilin 3",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/matn3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nf2",
        "symbol": "NF2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7773",
        "name": "NF2, moesin-ezrin-radixin like (MERLIN) tumor suppressor",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nf2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pdgfb",
        "symbol": "PDGFB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8800",
        "name": "platelet derived growth factor subunit B",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pdgfb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pik3ca",
        "symbol": "PIK3CA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8975",
        "name": "phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pik3ca"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smarcb1",
        "symbol": "SMARCB1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11103",
        "name": "SWI/SNF related BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit B1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smarcb1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smarce1",
        "symbol": "SMARCE1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11109",
        "name": "SWI/SNF related BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit E1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smarce1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smo",
        "symbol": "SMO",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11119",
        "name": "smoothened, frizzled class receptor",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smo"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sptbn1",
        "symbol": "SPTBN1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11275",
        "name": "spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sptbn1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sufu",
        "symbol": "SUFU",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16466",
        "name": "SUFU negative regulator of hedgehog signaling",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sufu"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tert",
        "symbol": "TERT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11730",
        "name": "telomerase reverse transcriptase",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tert"
      },
      {
        "slug": "traf7",
        "symbol": "TRAF7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20456",
        "name": "TNF receptor associated factor 7",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/traf7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "capn3",
        "symbol": "CAPN3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1480",
        "name": "calpain 3",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/capn3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hla-b",
        "symbol": "HLA-B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4932",
        "name": "major histocompatibility complex, class I, B",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hla-b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vangl1",
        "symbol": "VANGL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15512",
        "name": "VANGL planar cell polarity protein 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/vangl1"
      }
    ]
  }
}