{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/pseudobulbar-affect",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "pseudobulbar-affect",
    "id": "HP:0002193",
    "name": "Pseudobulbar affect",
    "definition": "Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is characterized by uncontrolled crying or laughing which may be disproportionate or inappropriate to the social context. Thus, there is a disparity between the patient's emotional expression and his or her emotional experience.",
    "synonyms": [
      "Pseudobulbar behavioral symptoms",
      "Pseudobulbar behavioural symptoms"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the nervous system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "atypical-behavior",
        "name": "Behavioral abnormality",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/atypical-behavior"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pseudobulbar-signs",
        "name": "Pseudobulbar signs",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/pseudobulbar-signs"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "als2",
        "symbol": "ALS2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:443",
        "name": "alsin Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor ALS2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 4,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/als2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "erlin2",
        "symbol": "ERLIN2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1356",
        "name": "ER lipid raft associated 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/erlin2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pus3",
        "symbol": "PUS3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25461",
        "name": "pseudouridine synthase 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pus3"
      }
    ]
  }
}