{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/cranial-hyperostosis",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "cranial-hyperostosis",
    "id": "HP:0004437",
    "name": "Enlargement of skull bones",
    "label": "Cranial hyperostosis",
    "definition": "Excessive growth of the bones of cranium, i.e., of the skull.",
    "synonyms": [
      "Excessive growth of skull bones",
      "Overgrowth of skull bones",
      "Thick skull bones",
      "Hyperostosis of cranial bones",
      "Hyperostosis of cranial vault",
      "Increased ossification of cranial bones"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
        "name": "Abnormality of head or neck",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-head-or-neck"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-calvaria-morphology",
        "name": "Abnormality of cranium",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-calvaria-morphology"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hyperostosis",
        "name": "Bone overgrowth",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hyperostosis"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "craniofacial-hyperostosis",
        "name": "Enlargement of craniofacial bones",
        "genes": 24,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/craniofacial-hyperostosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "calvarial-hyperostosis",
        "name": "Overgrowth of skullcap",
        "genes": 9,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/calvarial-hyperostosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hyperostosis-cranialis-interna",
        "name": "Enlargement of the inner surface of the skull bones",
        "genes": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hyperostosis-cranialis-interna"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hyperostosis-frontalis-interna",
        "name": "Thick inner surface of the frontal bone",
        "genes": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hyperostosis-frontalis-interna"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "ankh",
        "symbol": "ANKH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15492",
        "name": "ANKH inorganic pyrophosphate transport regulator",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ankh"
      },
      {
        "slug": "idua",
        "symbol": "IDUA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5391",
        "name": "alpha-L-iduronidase",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/idua"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ostm1",
        "symbol": "OSTM1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21652",
        "name": "osteoclastogenesis associated transmembrane protein 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ostm1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "akt1",
        "symbol": "AKT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:391",
        "name": "AKT serine/threonine kinase 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/akt1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lrp5",
        "symbol": "LRP5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6697",
        "name": "LDL receptor related protein 5",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lrp5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ptdss1",
        "symbol": "PTDSS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9587",
        "name": "phosphatidylserine synthase 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ptdss1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sost",
        "symbol": "SOST",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13771",
        "name": "sclerostin",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sost"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tnfrsf11a",
        "symbol": "TNFRSF11A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11908",
        "name": "TNF receptor superfamily member 11a",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tnfrsf11a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tnfrsf11b",
        "symbol": "TNFRSF11B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11909",
        "name": "TNF receptor superfamily member 11b",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tnfrsf11b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gja1",
        "symbol": "GJA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4274",
        "name": "gap junction protein alpha 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gja1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "man2b1",
        "symbol": "MAN2B1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6826",
        "name": "mannosidase alpha class 2B member 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/man2b1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "thoc2",
        "symbol": "THOC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:19073",
        "name": "THO complex subunit 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/thoc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ca2",
        "symbol": "CA2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1373",
        "name": "carbonic anhydrase 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ca2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pik3ca",
        "symbol": "PIK3CA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8975",
        "name": "phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pik3ca"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tnfsf11",
        "symbol": "TNFSF11",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11926",
        "name": "TNF superfamily member 11",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tnfsf11"
      }
    ]
  }
}