{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/amenorrhea",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.16-c6eea6bf",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "amenorrhea",
    "id": "HP:0000141",
    "name": "Abnormal absence of menstruation",
    "label": "Amenorrhea",
    "definition": "Absence of menses for an interval of time equivalent to a total of more than (or equal to) 3 previous cycles or 6 months.",
    "synonyms": [],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-genitourinary-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the genitourinary system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-genitourinary-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-menstrual-cycle",
        "name": "Abnormality of the menstrual cycle",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-menstrual-cycle"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "primary-amenorrhea",
        "name": "Primary amenorrhea",
        "genes": 134,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/primary-amenorrhea"
      },
      {
        "slug": "secondary-amenorrhea",
        "name": "Previous menstrual periods stop",
        "genes": 74,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/secondary-amenorrhea"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "hars2",
        "symbol": "HARS2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4817",
        "name": "histidyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hars2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hfm1",
        "symbol": "HFM1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20193",
        "name": "helicase for meiosis 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hfm1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "insr",
        "symbol": "INSR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6091",
        "name": "insulin receptor",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/insr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "msh5",
        "symbol": "MSH5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7328",
        "name": "mutS homolog 5",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/msh5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "polg2",
        "symbol": "POLG2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9180",
        "name": "DNA polymerase gamma 2, accessory subunit",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/polg2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aip",
        "symbol": "AIP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:358",
        "name": "AHR interacting HSP90 co-chaperone",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/aip"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cdh23",
        "symbol": "CDH23",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13733",
        "name": "cadherin related 23",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cdh23"
      },
      {
        "slug": "men1",
        "symbol": "MEN1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7010",
        "name": "menin 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/men1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "akt1",
        "symbol": "AKT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:391",
        "name": "AKT serine/threonine kinase 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/akt1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "atrx",
        "symbol": "ATRX",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:886",
        "name": "ATRX chromatin remodeler",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/atrx"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bap1",
        "symbol": "BAP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:950",
        "name": "BRCA1 associated deubiquitinase 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bap1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "braf",
        "symbol": "BRAF",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1097",
        "name": "B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/braf"
      },
      {
        "slug": "foxa2",
        "symbol": "FOXA2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5022",
        "name": "forkhead box A2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/foxa2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "foxl2",
        "symbol": "FOXL2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1092",
        "name": "forkhead box L2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/foxl2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gli2",
        "symbol": "GLI2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4318",
        "name": "GLI family zinc finger 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gli2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hesx1",
        "symbol": "HESX1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4877",
        "name": "HESX homeobox 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hesx1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lhx4",
        "symbol": "LHX4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21734",
        "name": "LIM homeobox 4",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lhx4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nf2",
        "symbol": "NF2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7773",
        "name": "NF2, moesin-ezrin-radixin like (MERLIN) tumor suppressor",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nf2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nr3c1",
        "symbol": "NR3C1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7978",
        "name": "nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nr3c1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "otx2",
        "symbol": "OTX2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8522",
        "name": "orthodenticle homeobox 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/otx2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pdgfb",
        "symbol": "PDGFB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8800",
        "name": "platelet derived growth factor subunit B",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pdgfb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pik3ca",
        "symbol": "PIK3CA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8975",
        "name": "phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pik3ca"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pou1f1",
        "symbol": "POU1F1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9210",
        "name": "POU class 1 homeobox 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pou1f1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prlr",
        "symbol": "PRLR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9446",
        "name": "prolactin receptor",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prlr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prop1",
        "symbol": "PROP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9455",
        "name": "PROP paired-like homeobox 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prop1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smarcb1",
        "symbol": "SMARCB1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11103",
        "name": "SWI/SNF related BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit B1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smarcb1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smarce1",
        "symbol": "SMARCE1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11109",
        "name": "SWI/SNF related BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit E1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smarce1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smo",
        "symbol": "SMO",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11119",
        "name": "smoothened, frizzled class receptor",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smo"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sox3",
        "symbol": "SOX3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11199",
        "name": "SRY-box transcription factor 3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sox3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sufu",
        "symbol": "SUFU",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16466",
        "name": "SUFU negative regulator of hedgehog signaling",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sufu"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tert",
        "symbol": "TERT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11730",
        "name": "telomerase reverse transcriptase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tert"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tp53",
        "symbol": "TP53",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11998",
        "name": "tumor protein p53",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tp53"
      },
      {
        "slug": "traf7",
        "symbol": "TRAF7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20456",
        "name": "TNF receptor associated factor 7",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/traf7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "usp48",
        "symbol": "USP48",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18533",
        "name": "ubiquitin specific peptidase 48",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/usp48"
      },
      {
        "slug": "usp8",
        "symbol": "USP8",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12631",
        "name": "ubiquitin specific peptidase 8",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/usp8"
      },
      {
        "slug": "antxr1",
        "symbol": "ANTXR1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21014",
        "name": "ANTXR cell adhesion molecule 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/antxr1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bmp6",
        "symbol": "BMP6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1073",
        "name": "bone morphogenetic protein 6",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bmp6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cdkn1b",
        "symbol": "CDKN1B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1785",
        "name": "cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cdkn1b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cdkn2b",
        "symbol": "CDKN2B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1788",
        "name": "cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cdkn2b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hfe",
        "symbol": "HFE",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4886",
        "name": "homeostatic iron regulator",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hfe"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc29a3",
        "symbol": "SLC29A3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23096",
        "name": "solute carrier family 29 member 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc29a3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tfr2",
        "symbol": "TFR2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11762",
        "name": "transferrin receptor 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tfr2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bmp2",
        "symbol": "BMP2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1069",
        "name": "bone morphogenetic protein 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bmp2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hjv",
        "symbol": "HJV",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4887",
        "name": "hemojuvelin BMP co-receptor",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hjv"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lig4",
        "symbol": "LIG4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6601",
        "name": "DNA ligase 4",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lig4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "wnt7a",
        "symbol": "WNT7A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12786",
        "name": "Wnt family member 7A",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/wnt7a"
      }
    ]
  }
}