{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/language-impairment",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "language-impairment",
    "id": "HP:0002463",
    "name": "Language impairment",
    "definition": "Language impairment is a deficit in comprehension or production of language that includes reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, or impairments in written or spoken communication. Language abilities are substantially and quantifiably below age expectations.",
    "synonyms": [
      "Language disorder"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the nervous system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-communication",
        "name": "Abnormal communication",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-communication"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "delayed-speech-and-language-development",
        "name": "Delayed speech and language development",
        "genes": 983,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/delayed-speech-and-language-development"
      },
      {
        "slug": "speech-articulation-difficulties",
        "name": "Speech articulation difficulties",
        "genes": 35,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/speech-articulation-difficulties"
      },
      {
        "slug": "deficit-in-grammar",
        "name": "Grammar-specific speech disorder",
        "genes": 10,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/deficit-in-grammar"
      },
      {
        "slug": "spoken-word-recognition-deficit",
        "name": "Spoken word recognition deficit",
        "genes": 9,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/spoken-word-recognition-deficit"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "abcb7",
        "symbol": "ABCB7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:48",
        "name": "ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/abcb7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "adgrg1",
        "symbol": "ADGRG1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4512",
        "name": "adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/adgrg1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bckdk",
        "symbol": "BCKDK",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16902",
        "name": "branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bckdk"
      },
      {
        "slug": "foxp1",
        "symbol": "FOXP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3823",
        "name": "forkhead box P1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/foxp1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gatad2b",
        "symbol": "GATAD2B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30778",
        "name": "GATA zinc finger domain containing 2B",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gatad2b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "app",
        "symbol": "APP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:620",
        "name": "amyloid beta precursor protein",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/app"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bcr",
        "symbol": "BCR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1014",
        "name": "BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bcr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "crkl",
        "symbol": "CRKL",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2363",
        "name": "CRK like proto-oncogene, adaptor protein",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/crkl"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dcx",
        "symbol": "DCX",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2714",
        "name": "doublecortin",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dcx"
      },
      {
        "slug": "grin2a",
        "symbol": "GRIN2A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4585",
        "name": "glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/grin2a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mapk1",
        "symbol": "MAPK1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6871",
        "name": "mitogen-activated protein kinase 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mapk1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "psen1",
        "symbol": "PSEN1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9508",
        "name": "presenilin 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/psen1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "psen2",
        "symbol": "PSEN2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9509",
        "name": "presenilin 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/psen2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sorl1",
        "symbol": "SORL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11185",
        "name": "sortilin related receptor 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sorl1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tomm40",
        "symbol": "TOMM40",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18001",
        "name": "translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tomm40"
      },
      {
        "slug": "trem2",
        "symbol": "TREM2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17761",
        "name": "triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/trem2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "grhl3",
        "symbol": "GRHL3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25839",
        "name": "grainyhead like transcription factor 3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/grhl3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nf1",
        "symbol": "NF1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7765",
        "name": "neurofibromin 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nf1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pafah1b1",
        "symbol": "PAFAH1B1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8574",
        "name": "platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase 1b regulatory subunit 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pafah1b1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pi4ka",
        "symbol": "PI4KA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8983",
        "name": "phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pi4ka"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prkar1b",
        "symbol": "PRKAR1B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9390",
        "name": "protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit beta",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prkar1b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "srpx2",
        "symbol": "SRPX2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30668",
        "name": "sushi repeat containing protein X-linked 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/srpx2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ubb",
        "symbol": "UBB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12463",
        "name": "ubiquitin B",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ubb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ang",
        "symbol": "ANG",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:483",
        "name": "angiogenin",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ang"
      },
      {
        "slug": "anxa11",
        "symbol": "ANXA11",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:535",
        "name": "annexin A11",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/anxa11"
      },
      {
        "slug": "atp1a2",
        "symbol": "ATP1A2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:800",
        "name": "ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/atp1a2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "atxn2",
        "symbol": "ATXN2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10555",
        "name": "ataxin 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/atxn2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cacna1a",
        "symbol": "CACNA1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1388",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacna1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ccnf",
        "symbol": "CCNF",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1591",
        "name": "cyclin F",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ccnf"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cfap410",
        "symbol": "CFAP410",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1260",
        "name": "cilia and flagella associated protein 410",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cfap410"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chchd10",
        "symbol": "CHCHD10",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15559",
        "name": "coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 10",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chchd10"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chmp2b",
        "symbol": "CHMP2B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:24537",
        "name": "charged multivesicular body protein 2B",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chmp2b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cplx1",
        "symbol": "CPLX1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2309",
        "name": "complexin 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cplx1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dao",
        "symbol": "DAO",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2671",
        "name": "D-amino acid oxidase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dao"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dctn1",
        "symbol": "DCTN1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2711",
        "name": "dynactin subunit 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dctn1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ehmt1",
        "symbol": "EHMT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:24650",
        "name": "euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ehmt1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "erbb4",
        "symbol": "ERBB4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3432",
        "name": "erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/erbb4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fig4",
        "symbol": "FIG4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16873",
        "name": "FIG4 phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fig4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fus",
        "symbol": "FUS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4010",
        "name": "FUS RNA binding protein",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fus"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gjb1",
        "symbol": "GJB1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4283",
        "name": "gap junction protein beta 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gjb1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gle1",
        "symbol": "GLE1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4315",
        "name": "GLE1 RNA export mediator",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gle1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "glt8d1",
        "symbol": "GLT8D1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:24870",
        "name": "glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/glt8d1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hnf1b",
        "symbol": "HNF1B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11630",
        "name": "HNF1 homeobox B",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hnf1b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hnrnpa1",
        "symbol": "HNRNPA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5031",
        "name": "heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hnrnpa1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hnrnpa2b1",
        "symbol": "HNRNPA2B1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5033",
        "name": "heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hnrnpa2b1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kmt2c",
        "symbol": "KMT2C",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13726",
        "name": "lysine methyltransferase 2C",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kmt2c"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lhx1",
        "symbol": "LHX1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6593",
        "name": "LIM homeobox 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lhx1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lrp12",
        "symbol": "LRP12",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:31708",
        "name": "LDL receptor related protein 12",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lrp12"
      },
      {
        "slug": "matr3",
        "symbol": "MATR3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6912",
        "name": "matrin 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/matr3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nefh",
        "symbol": "NEFH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7737",
        "name": "neurofilament heavy chain",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nefh"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nek1",
        "symbol": "NEK1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7744",
        "name": "NIMA related kinase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nek1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "notch3",
        "symbol": "NOTCH3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7883",
        "name": "notch receptor 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/notch3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "optn",
        "symbol": "OPTN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17142",
        "name": "optineurin",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/optn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pfn1",
        "symbol": "PFN1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8881",
        "name": "profilin 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pfn1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prph",
        "symbol": "PRPH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9461",
        "name": "peripherin",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prph"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prps1",
        "symbol": "PRPS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9462",
        "name": "phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prps1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prrt2",
        "symbol": "PRRT2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30500",
        "name": "proline rich transmembrane protein 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prrt2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scn1a",
        "symbol": "SCN1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10585",
        "name": "sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/scn1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scn8a",
        "symbol": "SCN8A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10596",
        "name": "sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/scn8a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sod1",
        "symbol": "SOD1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11179",
        "name": "superoxide dismutase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sod1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sqstm1",
        "symbol": "SQSTM1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11280",
        "name": "sequestosome 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sqstm1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "taf15",
        "symbol": "TAF15",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11547",
        "name": "TATA-box binding protein associated factor 15",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/taf15"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tardbp",
        "symbol": "TARDBP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11571",
        "name": "TAR DNA binding protein",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tardbp"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tbc1d24",
        "symbol": "TBC1D24",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29203",
        "name": "TBC1 domain family member 24",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tbc1d24"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tbk1",
        "symbol": "TBK1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11584",
        "name": "TANK binding kinase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tbk1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ubqln2",
        "symbol": "UBQLN2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12509",
        "name": "ubiquilin 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ubqln2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "unc13a",
        "symbol": "UNC13A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23150",
        "name": "unc-13 homolog A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/unc13a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vapb",
        "symbol": "VAPB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12649",
        "name": "VAMP associated protein B and C",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/vapb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vcp",
        "symbol": "VCP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12666",
        "name": "valosin containing protein",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/vcp"
      },
      {
        "slug": "irak1",
        "symbol": "IRAK1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6112",
        "name": "interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/irak1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sat1",
        "symbol": "SAT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10540",
        "name": "spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sat1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "spp1",
        "symbol": "SPP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11255",
        "name": "secreted phosphoprotein 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/spp1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "stat4",
        "symbol": "STAT4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11365",
        "name": "signal transducer and activator of transcription 4",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/stat4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cntnap2",
        "symbol": "CNTNAP2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13830",
        "name": "contactin associated protein 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cntnap2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "flcn",
        "symbol": "FLCN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:27310",
        "name": "folliculin",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/flcn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mapt",
        "symbol": "MAPT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6893",
        "name": "microtubule associated protein tau",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mapt"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mbd5",
        "symbol": "MBD5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20444",
        "name": "methyl-CpG binding domain protein 5",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mbd5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rai1",
        "symbol": "RAI1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9834",
        "name": "retinoic acid induced 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rai1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "syngap1",
        "symbol": "SYNGAP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11497",
        "name": "synaptic Ras GTPase activating protein 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/syngap1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tm4sf20",
        "symbol": "TM4SF20",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26230",
        "name": "transmembrane 4 L six family member 20",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tm4sf20"
      }
    ]
  }
}