{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/rho",
  "gene": {
    "slug": "rho",
    "symbol": "RHO",
    "name": "rhodopsin",
    "hgnc": "HGNC:10012",
    "summary": null,
    "location": "3q22.1",
    "locusType": "gene with protein product",
    "aliases": [
      "OPN2",
      "CSNBAD1"
    ],
    "previousSymbols": [
      "RP4"
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    "ensemblId": "ENSG00000163914",
    "entrezId": 6010,
    "omim": [
      "180380"
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    "uniprot": [
      "P08100"
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      "release": "v1.5",
      "chrom": "3",
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      "strand": "+",
      "ensemblTranscript": "ENST00000296271.4",
      "refseqTranscript": "NM_000539.3",
      "ensemblProtein": "ENSP00000296271.3",
      "refseqProtein": "NP_000530.1",
      "exons": [
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      ],
      "cds": {
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    },
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      "strand": "+"
    },
    "neighbourhood": {
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      "genes": [
        {
          "symbol": "EFCC1",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000114654",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
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          "end": 129040742,
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        {
          "symbol": "GP9",
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          "end": 129062435,
          "strand": "+",
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        {
          "symbol": "RAB43",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000172780",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 129087569,
          "end": 129123694,
          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "rab43"
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        {
          "symbol": "ISY1-RAB43",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000261796",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
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          "end": 129161036,
          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "isy1-rab43"
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        {
          "symbol": "ISY1",
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          "biotype": "protein_coding",
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        {
          "symbol": "CNBP",
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          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "cnbp"
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        {
          "symbol": "COPG1",
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          "strand": "+",
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        {
          "symbol": "HMCES",
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          "biotype": "protein_coding",
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          "strand": "+",
          "slug": "hmces"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "H1-10",
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          "biotype": "protein_coding",
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          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "h1-10"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "EFCAB12",
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          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 129401321,
          "end": 129428645,
          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "efcab12"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "IFT122",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000163913",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 129429607,
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          "strand": "+",
          "slug": "ift122"
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        {
          "symbol": "MBD4",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000129071",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
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          "end": 129440543,
          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "mbd4"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "H1-8",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000178804",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 129543175,
          "end": 129551467,
          "strand": "+",
          "slug": "h1-8"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "PLXND1",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000004399",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 129555213,
          "end": 129606826,
          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "plxnd1"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "TMCC1",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000172765",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 129647792,
          "end": 129893778,
          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "tmcc1"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "TRH",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000170893",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 129974293,
          "end": 129977940,
          "strand": "+",
          "slug": "trh"
        }
      ],
      "truncated": false
    },
    "reports": [
      {
        "slug": "congenital-stationary-night-blindness",
        "name": "Congenitale stationaire nachtblindheid",
        "diseases": [
          {
            "mondoId": "MONDO:0016293",
            "name": "Congenitale stationaire nachtblindheid",
            "genes": 16,
            "inheritance": null,
            "description": "Een groep netvliesaandoeningen die meestal niet progressief zijn, waaronder de ziekte van Oguchi, veroorzaakt door veranderingen in genen zoals NYX, CACNA1F, TRPM1, GRM6, GPR179 en SAG, vaak met nystagmus of kortzichtigheid.",
            "management": "Een genetische diagnose verklaart de klachten, helpt de aandoening te onderscheiden van progressieve netvliesziekten en geeft richting aan erfelijkheidsadvies voor de familie.",
            "evidence": {
              "gencc": [
                "G2P",
                "Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)",
                "PanelApp Australia"
              ],
              "acmgSf": false,
              "inheritance": [
                "autosomal-dominant"
              ]
            },
            "sameAsReport": true,
            "broad": false
          }
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/conditions/congenital-stationary-night-blindness"
      },
      {
        "slug": "retinitis-pigmentosa",
        "name": "Retinitis Pigmentosa",
        "diseases": [
          {
            "mondoId": "MONDO:0700380",
            "name": "RHO-gerelateerde retinopathie",
            "genes": 1,
            "inheritance": null,
            "description": "Een retinale dystrofie veroorzaakt door veranderingen in het RHO-gen, de meest voorkomende oorzaak van dominante retinitis pigmentosa.",
            "management": null,
            "evidence": {
              "gencc": [
                "Ambry Genetics",
                "ClinGen",
                "G2P",
                "Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)",
                "PanelApp Australia"
              ],
              "clingen": "Definitive",
              "acmgSf": false,
              "inheritance": [
                "autosomal-dominant",
                "autosomal-recessive"
              ]
            },
            "sameAsReport": false,
            "broad": false
          },
          {
            "mondoId": "MONDO:0019200",
            "name": "Retinitis Pigmentosa",
            "genes": 77,
            "inheritance": null,
            "description": "Een groep erfelijke retinale dystrofieën met een progressief verlies van staafjes en daarna kegeltjes, wat leidt tot nachtblindheid en geleidelijk verlies van het perifere gezichtsveld.",
            "management": null,
            "evidence": {
              "gencc": [
                "Ambry Genetics",
                "G2P",
                "Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)",
                "PanelApp Australia"
              ],
              "acmgSf": false,
              "inheritance": [
                "autosomal-dominant",
                "autosomal-recessive"
              ]
            },
            "sameAsReport": true,
            "broad": true
          }
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/conditions/retinitis-pigmentosa"
      }
    ],
    "pharmacogenomics": [],
    "traits": [],
    "phenotypes": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-central-response-of-multifocal-electroretinogram",
        "name": "Abnormal central response of multifocal electroretinogram",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-central-response-of-multifocal-electroretinogram"
      },
      {
        "slug": "color-vision-defect",
        "name": "Abnormal color vision",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/color-vision-defect"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-electroretinogram",
        "name": "Abnormal electroretinogram",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-electroretinogram"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-full-field-electroretinogram",
        "name": "Abnormal full-field electroretinogram",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-full-field-electroretinogram"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-fundus-pigmentation",
        "name": "Abnormal fundus pigmentation",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-fundus-pigmentation"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-light-and-dark-adapted-electroretinogram",
        "name": "Abnormal light- and dark-adapted electroretinogram",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-light-and-dark-adapted-electroretinogram"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-retinal-pigmentation",
        "name": "Abnormal retinal pigmentation",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-retinal-pigmentation"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-retinal-vascular-morphology",
        "name": "Abnormality of retina blood vessels",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system",
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-retinal-vascular-morphology"
      },
      {
        "slug": "absent-foveal-reflex",
        "name": "Absent foveal reflex",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/absent-foveal-reflex"
      },
      {
        "slug": "central-scotoma",
        "name": "Blind spot located at fixation point",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/central-scotoma"
      },
      {
        "slug": "blindness",
        "name": "Blindness",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/blindness"
      },
      {
        "slug": "keratoconus",
        "name": "Bulging cornea",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/keratoconus"
      },
      {
        "slug": "conductive-hearing-impairment",
        "name": "Conductive deafness",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-ear"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/conductive-hearing-impairment"
      },
      {
        "slug": "congenital-sensorineural-hearing-impairment",
        "name": "Congenital sensorineural hearing impairment",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-ear"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/congenital-sensorineural-hearing-impairment"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cystoid-macular-edema",
        "name": "Cystoid macular edema",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/cystoid-macular-edema"
      },
      {
        "slug": "reduced-visual-acuity",
        "name": "Decreased clarity of vision",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/reduced-visual-acuity"
      },
      {
        "slug": "decreased-light-and-dark-adapted-electroretinogram-amplitude",
        "name": "Decreased light- and dark-adapted electroretinogram amplitude",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/decreased-light-and-dark-adapted-electroretinogram-amplitude"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nyctalopia",
        "name": "Difficulties with night vision",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/nyctalopia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "photophobia",
        "name": "Extreme sensitivity of the eyes to light",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye",
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/photophobia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ophthalmoplegia",
        "name": "Eye muscle paralysis",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/ophthalmoplegia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fundus-albipunctatus",
        "name": "Fundus albipunctatus",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/fundus-albipunctatus"
      },
      {
        "slug": "glaucoma",
        "name": "Glaucoma",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/glaucoma"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hyperinsulinemia",
        "name": "Hyperinsulinemia",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-metabolism-homeostasis",
          "abnormality-of-the-endocrine-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hyperinsulinemia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nystagmus",
        "name": "Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/nystagmus"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lenticonus",
        "name": "Lenticonus",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/lenticonus"
      },
      {
        "slug": "peripheral-visual-field-loss",
        "name": "Loss of peripheral vision",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/peripheral-visual-field-loss"
      },
      {
        "slug": "macular-atrophy",
        "name": "Macular atrophy",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/macular-atrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "attenuation-of-retinal-blood-vessels",
        "name": "Narrowing of blood vessels in back of eye",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system",
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/attenuation-of-retinal-blood-vessels"
      },
      {
        "slug": "early-onset-non-progressive-night-blindness",
        "name": "Night blindness since birth",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/early-onset-non-progressive-night-blindness"
      },
      {
        "slug": "optic-atrophy",
        "name": "Optic atrophy",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/optic-atrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "optic-disc-drusen",
        "name": "Optic disc drusen",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/optic-disc-drusen"
      },
      {
        "slug": "optic-disc-pallor",
        "name": "Optic disc pallor",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/optic-disc-pallor"
      },
      {
        "slug": "visual-field-defect",
        "name": "Partial loss of field of vision",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/visual-field-defect"
      },
      {
        "slug": "photopsia",
        "name": "Photopsia",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/photopsia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "photoreceptor-outer-segment-loss-on-macular-oct",
        "name": "Photoreceptor outer segment loss on macular OCT",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/photoreceptor-outer-segment-loss-on-macular-oct"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pigmentary-retinopathy",
        "name": "Pigmentary retinopathy",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/pigmentary-retinopathy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "posterior-subcapsular-cataract",
        "name": "Posterior subcapsular cataract",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/posterior-subcapsular-cataract"
      },
      {
        "slug": "progressive-visual-loss",
        "name": "Progressive loss of vision",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/progressive-visual-loss"
      },
      {
        "slug": "progressive-night-blindness",
        "name": "Progressive night blindness",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/progressive-night-blindness"
      },
      {
        "slug": "progressive-visual-field-defects",
        "name": "Progressive visual field defects",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/progressive-visual-field-defects"
      },
      {
        "slug": "retinal-degeneration",
        "name": "Retina degeneration",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/retinal-degeneration"
      },
      {
        "slug": "retinal-atrophy",
        "name": "Retinal atrophy",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/retinal-atrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "retinal-flecks",
        "name": "Retinal flecks",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/retinal-flecks"
      },
      {
        "slug": "retinal-pigment-epithelial-mottling",
        "name": "Retinal pigment epithelial mottling",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/retinal-pigment-epithelial-mottling"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rod-cone-dystrophy",
        "name": "Rod-cone dystrophy",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/rod-cone-dystrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sensorineural-hearing-impairment",
        "name": "Sensorineural hearing impairment",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-ear"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/sensorineural-hearing-impairment"
      },
      {
        "slug": "spicular-pigmentation-of-the-retina",
        "name": "Spicular pigmentation of the retina",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/spicular-pigmentation-of-the-retina"
      },
      {
        "slug": "visual-impairment",
        "name": "Visual impairment",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/visual-impairment"
      },
      {
        "slug": "yellow-white-retinal-lesion",
        "name": "Yellow/white retinal lesion",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/yellow-white-retinal-lesion"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      {
        "slug": "pde6b",
        "symbol": "PDE6B",
        "name": "phosphodiesterase 6B",
        "shared": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/pde6b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sag",
        "symbol": "SAG",
        "name": "S-antigen visual arrestin",
        "shared": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/sag"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abca4",
        "symbol": "ABCA4",
        "name": "ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/abca4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "agbl5",
        "symbol": "AGBL5",
        "name": "AGBL carboxypeptidase 5",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/agbl5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ahr",
        "symbol": "AHR",
        "name": "aryl hydrocarbon receptor",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/ahr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "arhgef18",
        "symbol": "ARHGEF18",
        "name": "Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 18",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/arhgef18"
      },
      {
        "slug": "arl2bp",
        "symbol": "ARL2BP",
        "name": "ARF like GTPase 2 binding protein",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/arl2bp"
      },
      {
        "slug": "arl3",
        "symbol": "ARL3",
        "name": "ARF like GTPase 3",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/arl3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "arl6",
        "symbol": "ARL6",
        "name": "ARF like GTPase 6",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/arl6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bbs2",
        "symbol": "BBS2",
        "name": "Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/bbs2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "best1",
        "symbol": "BEST1",
        "name": "bestrophin 1",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/best1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ca4",
        "symbol": "CA4",
        "name": "carbonic anhydrase 4",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/nl/genes/ca4"
      }
    ],
    "sources": {
      "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
      "panel": "2026-10-17",
      "acmgSf": "SF v3.2"
    },
    "locusKind": "proteinCoding"
  },
  "variants": {
    "total": 0,
    "url": null,
    "items": []
  }
}