{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/urinary-retention",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "urinary-retention",
    "id": "HP:0000016",
    "name": "Urinary retention",
    "definition": "Inability to completely empty the urinary bladder during the process of urination.",
    "synonyms": [
      "Increased post-void residual urine volume"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-genitourinary-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the genitourinary system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-genitourinary-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "functional-abnormality-of-the-bladder",
        "name": "Functional abnormality of the bladder",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/functional-abnormality-of-the-bladder"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "ptcra",
        "symbol": "PTCRA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21290",
        "name": "pre T cell antigen receptor alpha",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ptcra"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cacna1s",
        "symbol": "CACNA1S",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1397",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacna1s"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gabra3",
        "symbol": "GABRA3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4077",
        "name": "gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gabra3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnj18",
        "symbol": "KCNJ18",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:39080",
        "name": "potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 18",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnj18"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abcd1",
        "symbol": "ABCD1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:61",
        "name": "ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/abcd1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "actg2",
        "symbol": "ACTG2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:145",
        "name": "actin gamma 2, smooth muscle",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/actg2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aldh18a1",
        "symbol": "ALDH18A1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9722",
        "name": "aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family member A1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/aldh18a1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "alms1",
        "symbol": "ALMS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:428",
        "name": "ALMS1 centrosome and basal body associated protein",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/alms1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aprt",
        "symbol": "APRT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:626",
        "name": "adenine phosphoribosyltransferase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/aprt"
      },
      {
        "slug": "asxl1",
        "symbol": "ASXL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18318",
        "name": "ASXL transcriptional regulator 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/asxl1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "camk2b",
        "symbol": "CAMK2B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1461",
        "name": "calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II beta",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/camk2b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ercc6",
        "symbol": "ERCC6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3438",
        "name": "ERCC excision repair 6, chromatin remodeling factor",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ercc6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ercc8",
        "symbol": "ERCC8",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3439",
        "name": "ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ercc8"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lama3",
        "symbol": "LAMA3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6483",
        "name": "laminin subunit alpha 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lama3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lamb3",
        "symbol": "LAMB3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6490",
        "name": "laminin subunit beta 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lamb3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lamc2",
        "symbol": "LAMC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6493",
        "name": "laminin subunit gamma 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lamc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lmnb1",
        "symbol": "LMNB1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6637",
        "name": "lamin B1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lmnb1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rasa1",
        "symbol": "RASA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9871",
        "name": "RAS p21 protein activator 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rasa1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sp110",
        "symbol": "SP110",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5401",
        "name": "SP110 nuclear body protein",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sp110"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tgfb1",
        "symbol": "TGFB1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11766",
        "name": "transforming growth factor beta 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tgfb1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bnc2",
        "symbol": "BNC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30988",
        "name": "basonuclin zinc finger protein 2",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bnc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ext1",
        "symbol": "EXT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3512",
        "name": "exostosin glycosyltransferase 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ext1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ext2",
        "symbol": "EXT2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3513",
        "name": "exostosin glycosyltransferase 2",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ext2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hmbs",
        "symbol": "HMBS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4982",
        "name": "hydroxymethylbilane synthase",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hmbs"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nab2",
        "symbol": "NAB2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7627",
        "name": "NGFI-A binding protein 2",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nab2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "stat6",
        "symbol": "STAT6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11368",
        "name": "signal transducer and activator of transcription 6",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/stat6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prnp",
        "symbol": "PRNP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9449",
        "name": "prion protein (Kanno blood group)",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prnp"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vangl1",
        "symbol": "VANGL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15512",
        "name": "VANGL planar cell polarity protein 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/vangl1"
      }
    ]
  }
}