{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/speech-articulation-difficulties",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "speech-articulation-difficulties",
    "id": "HP:0009088",
    "name": "Speech articulation difficulties",
    "definition": "Impairment in the physical production of speech sounds.",
    "synonyms": [],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the nervous system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-voice",
        "name": "Abnormality of the voice",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-voice"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-voice",
        "name": "Abnormality of the voice",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-voice"
      },
      {
        "slug": "language-impairment",
        "name": "Language impairment",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/language-impairment"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "smad4",
        "symbol": "SMAD4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6770",
        "name": "SMAD family member 4",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smad4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "foxp1",
        "symbol": "FOXP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3823",
        "name": "forkhead box P1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/foxp1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "arhgap29",
        "symbol": "ARHGAP29",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30207",
        "name": "Rho GTPase activating protein 29",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/arhgap29"
      },
      {
        "slug": "arhgef38",
        "symbol": "ARHGEF38",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25968",
        "name": "Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 38",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/arhgef38"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bmp4",
        "symbol": "BMP4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1071",
        "name": "bone morphogenetic protein 4",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bmp4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cdh1",
        "symbol": "CDH1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1748",
        "name": "cadherin 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cdh1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cobll1",
        "symbol": "COBLL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23571",
        "name": "cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein like 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cobll1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dlg1",
        "symbol": "DLG1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2900",
        "name": "discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dlg1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dlx4",
        "symbol": "DLX4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2917",
        "name": "distal-less homeobox 4",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dlx4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gabrg2",
        "symbol": "GABRG2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4087",
        "name": "gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit gamma2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gabrg2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "galt",
        "symbol": "GALT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4135",
        "name": "galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/galt"
      },
      {
        "slug": "grin2a",
        "symbol": "GRIN2A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4585",
        "name": "glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/grin2a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "htt",
        "symbol": "HTT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4851",
        "name": "huntingtin",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/htt"
      },
      {
        "slug": "irf6",
        "symbol": "IRF6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6121",
        "name": "interferon regulatory factor 6",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/irf6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "magel2",
        "symbol": "MAGEL2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6814",
        "name": "MAGE family member L2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/magel2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mapt",
        "symbol": "MAPT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6893",
        "name": "microtubule associated protein tau",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mapt"
      },
      {
        "slug": "msx1",
        "symbol": "MSX1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7391",
        "name": "msh homeobox 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/msx1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ndn",
        "symbol": "NDN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7675",
        "name": "necdin, MAGE family member",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ndn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nectin1",
        "symbol": "NECTIN1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9706",
        "name": "nectin cell adhesion molecule 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nectin1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nf1",
        "symbol": "NF1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7765",
        "name": "neurofibromin 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nf1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "oca2",
        "symbol": "OCA2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8101",
        "name": "OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/oca2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pdgfra",
        "symbol": "PDGFRA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8803",
        "name": "platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pdgfra"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ric1",
        "symbol": "RIC1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17686",
        "name": "RIC1 partner of RAB6A GEF complex",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ric1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sh2b1",
        "symbol": "SH2B1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30417",
        "name": "SH2B adaptor protein 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sh2b1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc2a3",
        "symbol": "SLC2A3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11007",
        "name": "solute carrier family 2 member 3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc2a3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "snrpn",
        "symbol": "SNRPN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11164",
        "name": "small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/snrpn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "srpx2",
        "symbol": "SRPX2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30668",
        "name": "sushi repeat containing protein X-linked 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/srpx2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "stag2",
        "symbol": "STAG2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11355",
        "name": "STAG2 cohesin complex component",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/stag2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tp63",
        "symbol": "TP63",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15979",
        "name": "tumor protein p63",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tp63"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aldh4a1",
        "symbol": "ALDH4A1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:406",
        "name": "aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family member A1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/aldh4a1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "grhl3",
        "symbol": "GRHL3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25839",
        "name": "grainyhead like transcription factor 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/grhl3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "taf11",
        "symbol": "TAF11",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11544",
        "name": "TATA-box binding protein associated factor 11",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/taf11"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ubb",
        "symbol": "UBB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12463",
        "name": "ubiquitin B",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ubb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gnai3",
        "symbol": "GNAI3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4387",
        "name": "G protein subunit alpha i3",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gnai3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "plcb4",
        "symbol": "PLCB4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9059",
        "name": "phospholipase C beta 4",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/plcb4"
      }
    ]
  }
}