{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hyperventilation",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "hyperventilation",
    "id": "HP:0002883",
    "name": "Rapid breathing",
    "label": "Hyperventilation",
    "definition": "Hyperventilation refers to an increased pulmonary ventilation rate that is faster than necessary for the exchange of gases. Hyperventilation can result from increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or both, and leads to an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.",
    "synonyms": [],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-respiratory-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the respiratory system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-respiratory-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-pattern-of-respiration",
        "name": "Abnormal pattern of respiration",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-pattern-of-respiration"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "intermittent-hyperventilation",
        "name": "Intermittent overbreathing",
        "genes": 7,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/intermittent-hyperventilation"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "arl13b",
        "symbol": "ARL13B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25419",
        "name": "ARF like GTPase 13B",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/arl13b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gabbr2",
        "symbol": "GABBR2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4507",
        "name": "gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gabbr2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cplane1",
        "symbol": "CPLANE1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25801",
        "name": "ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector complex subunit 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cplane1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tcf4",
        "symbol": "TCF4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11634",
        "name": "transcription factor 4",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tcf4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tlk2",
        "symbol": "TLK2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11842",
        "name": "tousled like kinase 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tlk2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "uqcrfs1",
        "symbol": "UQCRFS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12587",
        "name": "ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/uqcrfs1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "btd",
        "symbol": "BTD",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1122",
        "name": "biotinidase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/btd"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cabp4",
        "symbol": "CABP4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1386",
        "name": "calcium binding protein 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cabp4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cacna1h",
        "symbol": "CACNA1H",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1395",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 H",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacna1h"
      },
      {
        "slug": "camk2b",
        "symbol": "CAMK2B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1461",
        "name": "calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II beta",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/camk2b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cdkl5",
        "symbol": "CDKL5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11411",
        "name": "cyclin dependent kinase like 5",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cdkl5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chrna2",
        "symbol": "CHRNA2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1956",
        "name": "cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chrna2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chrna4",
        "symbol": "CHRNA4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1958",
        "name": "cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chrna4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chrnb2",
        "symbol": "CHRNB2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1962",
        "name": "cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chrnb2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ciz1",
        "symbol": "CIZ1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16744",
        "name": "CDKN1A interacting zinc finger protein 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ciz1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cntnap2",
        "symbol": "CNTNAP2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13830",
        "name": "contactin associated protein 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cntnap2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "crh",
        "symbol": "CRH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2355",
        "name": "corticotropin releasing hormone",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/crh"
      },
      {
        "slug": "depdc5",
        "symbol": "DEPDC5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18423",
        "name": "DEP domain containing 5, GATOR1 subcomplex subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/depdc5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gabra1",
        "symbol": "GABRA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4075",
        "name": "gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gabra1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gabrb3",
        "symbol": "GABRB3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4083",
        "name": "gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gabrb3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gabrg2",
        "symbol": "GABRG2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4087",
        "name": "gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit gamma2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gabrg2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "jrk",
        "symbol": "JRK",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6199",
        "name": "Jrk helix-turn-helix protein",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/jrk"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnt1",
        "symbol": "KCNT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18865",
        "name": "potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnt1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-atp6",
        "symbol": "MT-ATP6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7414",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase membrane subunit 6",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-atp6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-nd1",
        "symbol": "MT-ND1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7455",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-nd1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-nd2",
        "symbol": "MT-ND2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7456",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-nd2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-nd3",
        "symbol": "MT-ND3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7458",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-nd3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-nd4",
        "symbol": "MT-ND4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7459",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-nd4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-nd5",
        "symbol": "MT-ND5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7461",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 5",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-nd5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-nd6",
        "symbol": "MT-ND6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7462",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 6",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-nd6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-tk",
        "symbol": "MT-TK",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7489",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded tRNA-Lys (AAA/G)",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-tk"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-tl1",
        "symbol": "MT-TL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7490",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded tRNA-Leu (UUA/G) 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-tl1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-tv",
        "symbol": "MT-TV",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7500",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded tRNA-Val (GUN)",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-tv"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-tw",
        "symbol": "MT-TW",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7501",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded tRNA-Trp (UGA/G)",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-tw"
      },
      {
        "slug": "syt1",
        "symbol": "SYT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11509",
        "name": "synaptotagmin 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/syt1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fbp1",
        "symbol": "FBP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3606",
        "name": "fructose-bisphosphatase 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fbp1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hlcs",
        "symbol": "HLCS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4976",
        "name": "holocarboxylase synthetase",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hlcs"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nrxn1",
        "symbol": "NRXN1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8008",
        "name": "neurexin 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nrxn1"
      }
    ]
  }
}