{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/personality-disorder",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "personality-disorder",
    "id": "HP:0012075",
    "name": "Personality disorder",
    "definition": "A personality disorder is a deeply ingrained pattern of behavior of a specified kind that deviates markedly from the norms of generally accepted behavior. It is typically apparent by the time of adolescence and causes long-term difficulties in personal relationships or functioning in society.",
    "synonyms": [],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the nervous system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "impairment-in-personality-functioning",
        "name": "Impairment in personality functioning",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/impairment-in-personality-functioning"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "borderline-personality-disorder",
        "name": "Borderline personality disorder",
        "genes": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/borderline-personality-disorder"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "cacna1a",
        "symbol": "CACNA1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1388",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacna1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chd2",
        "symbol": "CHD2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1917",
        "name": "chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chd2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cux2",
        "symbol": "CUX2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:19347",
        "name": "cut like homeobox 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cux2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dnm1",
        "symbol": "DNM1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2972",
        "name": "dynamin 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dnm1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "drd2",
        "symbol": "DRD2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3023",
        "name": "dopamine receptor D2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/drd2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gabrb3",
        "symbol": "GABRB3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4083",
        "name": "gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gabrb3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kctd17",
        "symbol": "KCTD17",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25705",
        "name": "potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 17",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kctd17"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mapk10",
        "symbol": "MAPK10",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6872",
        "name": "mitogen-activated protein kinase 10",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mapk10"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scn1a",
        "symbol": "SCN1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10585",
        "name": "sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/scn1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sgce",
        "symbol": "SGCE",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10808",
        "name": "sarcoglycan epsilon",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sgce"
      },
      {
        "slug": "spg21",
        "symbol": "SPG21",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20373",
        "name": "SPG21 abhydrolase domain containing, maspardin",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/spg21"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tor1a",
        "symbol": "TOR1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3098",
        "name": "torsin family 1 member A",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tor1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cyp27a1",
        "symbol": "CYP27A1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2605",
        "name": "cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cyp27a1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnt1",
        "symbol": "KCNT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18865",
        "name": "potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnt1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cbs",
        "symbol": "CBS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1550",
        "name": "cystathionine beta-synthase",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cbs"
      },
      {
        "slug": "xk",
        "symbol": "XK",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12811",
        "name": "X-linked Kx blood group antigen, Kell and VPS13A binding protein",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/xk"
      }
    ]
  }
}