{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/msx2",
  "gene": {
    "slug": "msx2",
    "symbol": "MSX2",
    "name": "msh homeobox 2",
    "hgnc": "HGNC:7392",
    "summary": null,
    "location": "5q35.2",
    "locusType": "gene with protein product",
    "aliases": [
      "CRS2",
      "FPP",
      "HOX8",
      "MSH",
      "PFM"
    ],
    "previousSymbols": [
      "PFM1"
    ],
    "ensemblId": "ENSG00000120149",
    "entrezId": 4488,
    "omim": [
      "123101"
    ],
    "uniprot": [
      "P35548"
    ],
    "model": {
      "build": "GRCh38",
      "release": "v1.5",
      "chrom": "5",
      "start": 174724582,
      "end": 174730896,
      "strand": "+",
      "ensemblTranscript": "ENST00000239243.7",
      "refseqTranscript": "NM_002449.5",
      "ensemblProtein": "ENSP00000239243.5",
      "refseqProtein": "NP_002440.2",
      "exons": [
        {
          "start": 174724582,
          "end": 174725038
        },
        {
          "start": 174729159,
          "end": 174730896
        }
      ],
      "cds": {
        "start": 174724660,
        "end": 174729583
      }
    },
    "grch37": {
      "build": "GRCh37",
      "release": "87",
      "chrom": "5",
      "start": 174151536,
      "end": 174157896,
      "strand": "+"
    },
    "neighbourhood": {
      "release": "116",
      "start": 174227739,
      "end": 175227738,
      "genes": [
        {
          "symbol": "NSG2",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000170091",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 174045706,
          "end": 174243501,
          "strand": "+",
          "slug": "nsg2"
        }
      ],
      "truncated": false
    },
    "reports": [
      {
        "slug": "syndromic-craniosynostosis",
        "name": "Craniosinostosi sindromica",
        "diseases": [
          {
            "mondoId": "MONDO:0015338",
            "name": "Craniosinostosi sindromica",
            "genes": 23,
            "inheritance": null,
            "description": "Condizioni che associano la chiusura precoce delle suture craniche ad altre caratteristiche, tra cui le sindromi di Apert, Crouzon, Pfeiffer, Muenke e Saethre-Chotzen, causate da geni come FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR1, TWIST1, TCF12 ed ERF.",
            "management": "Una diagnosi precoce consente un intervento chirurgico tempestivo e il monitoraggio della crescita della testa, della vista e dell'udito; le forme più lievi, come la sindrome di Muenke, possono non essere riconosciute negli adulti, il che è rilevante per la pianificazione familiare.",
            "evidence": {
              "gencc": [
                "ClinGen",
                "G2P",
                "Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)",
                "PanelApp Australia"
              ],
              "clingen": "Definitive",
              "acmgSf": false,
              "inheritance": [
                "autosomal-dominant"
              ]
            },
            "sameAsReport": true,
            "broad": false
          }
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/conditions/syndromic-craniosynostosis"
      }
    ],
    "pharmacogenomics": [],
    "traits": [],
    "phenotypes": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-cerebral-vein-morphology",
        "name": "Abnormal cerebral vein morphology",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system",
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-cerebral-vein-morphology"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-posterior-cranial-fossa-morphology",
        "name": "Abnormal posterior cranial fossa morphology",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-posterior-cranial-fossa-morphology"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hypotelorism",
        "name": "Abnormally close eyes",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hypotelorism"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bicoronal-synostosis",
        "name": "Bicoronal synostosis",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/bicoronal-synostosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "macrocephaly",
        "name": "Big calvaria",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/macrocephaly"
      },
      {
        "slug": "blue-sclerae",
        "name": "Blue outer white part of eyeball",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/blue-sclerae"
      },
      {
        "slug": "occipital-encephalocele",
        "name": "Brain tissue sticks out through back of skull",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system",
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/occipital-encephalocele"
      },
      {
        "slug": "brachycephaly",
        "name": "Broad head shape",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/brachycephaly"
      },
      {
        "slug": "broad-thumb",
        "name": "Broad thumb",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-limbs",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/broad-thumb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cleft-lip",
        "name": "Cleft lip",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/cleft-lip"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cleft-palate",
        "name": "Cleft palate",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/cleft-palate"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cleft-soft-palate",
        "name": "Cleft soft palate",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/cleft-soft-palate"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cleft-upper-lip",
        "name": "Cleft upper lip",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/cleft-upper-lip"
      },
      {
        "slug": "myopia",
        "name": "Close sighted",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/myopia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "congenital-craniofacial-dysostosis",
        "name": "Congenital craniofacial dysostosis",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/congenital-craniofacial-dysostosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cranium-bifidum-occultum",
        "name": "Cranium bifidum occultum",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system",
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/cranium-bifidum-occultum"
      },
      {
        "slug": "craniosynostosis",
        "name": "Deformity of the skull",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/craniosynostosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dermoid-cyst",
        "name": "Dermoid cyst",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-integument"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/dermoid-cyst"
      },
      {
        "slug": "encephalocele",
        "name": "Encephalocele",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system",
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/encephalocele"
      },
      {
        "slug": "encephalomalacia",
        "name": "Encephalomalacia",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/encephalomalacia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "seizure",
        "name": "Epilepsy",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/seizure"
      },
      {
        "slug": "wormian-bones",
        "name": "Extra bones within cranial sutures",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/wormian-bones"
      },
      {
        "slug": "supernumerary-tooth",
        "name": "Extra teeth",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/supernumerary-tooth"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hypermetropia",
        "name": "Farsightedness",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hypermetropia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "triphalangeal-thumb",
        "name": "Finger-like thumb",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-limbs",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/triphalangeal-thumb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aplasia-cutis-congenita-of-scalp",
        "name": "Focal absence of scalp tissue",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-integument"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/aplasia-cutis-congenita-of-scalp"
      },
      {
        "slug": "frontal-bossing",
        "name": "Frontal bossing",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/frontal-bossing"
      },
      {
        "slug": "headache",
        "name": "Headache",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/headache"
      },
      {
        "slug": "parietal-foramina",
        "name": "Holes in parietal bones",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/parietal-foramina"
      },
      {
        "slug": "intellectual-disability",
        "name": "Intellectual disability",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/intellectual-disability"
      },
      {
        "slug": "metopic-synostosis",
        "name": "Metopic synostosis",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/metopic-synostosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "multiple-exostoses",
        "name": "Multiple exostoses",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system",
          "neoplasm"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/multiple-exostoses"
      },
      {
        "slug": "myelomeningocele",
        "name": "Myelomeningocele",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/myelomeningocele"
      },
      {
        "slug": "visual-field-defect",
        "name": "Partial loss of field of vision",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-eye"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/visual-field-defect"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scalp-tenderness",
        "name": "Scalp tenderness",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/scalp-tenderness"
      },
      {
        "slug": "short-clavicles",
        "name": "Short collarbone",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/short-clavicles"
      },
      {
        "slug": "brachydactyly",
        "name": "Short fingers or toes",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-limbs",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/brachydactyly"
      },
      {
        "slug": "microtia",
        "name": "Small ears",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-ear"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/microtia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "turricephaly",
        "name": "Tall shaped head",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/turricephaly"
      },
      {
        "slug": "trigonocephaly",
        "name": "Triangular head shape",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/trigonocephaly"
      },
      {
        "slug": "unicoronal-synostosis",
        "name": "Unicoronal synostosis",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/unicoronal-synostosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "venous-malformation",
        "name": "Venous malformation",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/venous-malformation"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vomiting",
        "name": "Vomiting",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-digestive-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/vomiting"
      },
      {
        "slug": "widely-patent-fontanelles-and-sutures",
        "name": "Widely patent fontanelles and sutures",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-head-or-neck",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/widely-patent-fontanelles-and-sutures"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      {
        "slug": "cyp26b1",
        "symbol": "CYP26B1",
        "name": "cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily B member 1",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/cyp26b1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "erf",
        "symbol": "ERF",
        "name": "ETS2 repressor factor",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/erf"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fgfr1",
        "symbol": "FGFR1",
        "name": "fibroblast growth factor receptor 1",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/fgfr1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fgfr2",
        "symbol": "FGFR2",
        "name": "fibroblast growth factor receptor 2",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/fgfr2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fgfr3",
        "symbol": "FGFR3",
        "name": "fibroblast growth factor receptor 3",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/fgfr3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ift122",
        "symbol": "IFT122",
        "name": "intraflagellar transport 122",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/ift122"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ift43",
        "symbol": "IFT43",
        "name": "intraflagellar transport 43",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/ift43"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ift52",
        "symbol": "IFT52",
        "name": "intraflagellar transport 52",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/ift52"
      },
      {
        "slug": "il11ra",
        "symbol": "IL11RA",
        "name": "interleukin 11 receptor subunit alpha",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/il11ra"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kat6a",
        "symbol": "KAT6A",
        "name": "lysine acetyltransferase 6A",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/kat6a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "megf8",
        "symbol": "MEGF8",
        "name": "multiple EGF like domains 8",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/megf8"
      },
      {
        "slug": "por",
        "symbol": "POR",
        "name": "cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/it/genes/por"
      }
    ],
    "sources": {
      "bundleId": "2026.10.18-e609d43e",
      "panel": "2026-10-17",
      "acmgSf": "SF v3.2"
    },
    "locusKind": "proteinCoding"
  },
  "variants": {
    "total": 0,
    "url": null,
    "items": []
  }
}