{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dmd",
  "gene": {
    "slug": "dmd",
    "symbol": "DMD",
    "name": "dystrophin",
    "hgnc": "HGNC:2928",
    "summary": null,
    "location": "Xp21.2-p21.1",
    "locusType": "gene with protein product",
    "aliases": [
      "BMD",
      "DXS142",
      "DXS164",
      "DXS206",
      "DXS230",
      "DXS239",
      "DXS268",
      "DXS269",
      "DXS270",
      "DXS272"
    ],
    "previousSymbols": [
      "MRX85"
    ],
    "ensemblId": "ENSG00000198947",
    "entrezId": 1756,
    "omim": [
      "300377"
    ],
    "uniprot": [
      "P11532"
    ],
    "model": {
      "build": "GRCh38",
      "release": "v1.5",
      "chrom": "X",
      "start": 31119222,
      "end": 33211549,
      "strand": "-",
      "ensemblTranscript": "ENST00000357033.9",
      "refseqTranscript": "NM_004006.3",
      "ensemblProtein": "ENSP00000354923.3",
      "refseqProtein": "NP_003997.2",
      "exons": [
        {
          "start": 31119222,
          "end": 31121930
        },
        {
          "start": 31126642,
          "end": 31126673
        },
        {
          "start": 31134102,
          "end": 31134194
        },
        {
          "start": 31146291,
          "end": 31146414
        },
        {
          "start": 31147275,
          "end": 31147518
        },
        {
          "start": 31169443,
          "end": 31169601
        },
        {
          "start": 31172348,
          "end": 31172413
        },
        {
          "start": 31173539,
          "end": 31173604
        },
        {
          "start": 31177932,
          "end": 31177970
        },
        {
          "start": 31178669,
          "end": 31178805
        },
        {
          "start": 31180370,
          "end": 31180481
        },
        {
          "start": 31182738,
          "end": 31182904
        },
        {
          "start": 31203961,
          "end": 31204118
        },
        {
          "start": 31206582,
          "end": 31206667
        },
        {
          "start": 31209498,
          "end": 31209699
        },
        {
          "start": 31223047,
          "end": 31223121
        },
        {
          "start": 31260955,
          "end": 31261016
        },
        {
          "start": 31323598,
          "end": 31323658
        },
        {
          "start": 31348556,
          "end": 31348634
        },
        {
          "start": 31444481,
          "end": 31444627
        },
        {
          "start": 31478106,
          "end": 31478374
        },
        {
          "start": 31478983,
          "end": 31479103
        },
        {
          "start": 31496788,
          "end": 31496944
        },
        {
          "start": 31507281,
          "end": 31507453
        },
        {
          "start": 31627673,
          "end": 31627862
        },
        {
          "start": 31657990,
          "end": 31658144
        },
        {
          "start": 31679375,
          "end": 31679586
        },
        {
          "start": 31729631,
          "end": 31729748
        },
        {
          "start": 31773960,
          "end": 31774192
        },
        {
          "start": 31819975,
          "end": 31820083
        },
        {
          "start": 31836718,
          "end": 31836819
        },
        {
          "start": 31875188,
          "end": 31875373
        },
        {
          "start": 31929596,
          "end": 31929745
        },
        {
          "start": 31932080,
          "end": 31932227
        },
        {
          "start": 31968339,
          "end": 31968514
        },
        {
          "start": 32216916,
          "end": 32217063
        },
        {
          "start": 32287529,
          "end": 32287701
        },
        {
          "start": 32310082,
          "end": 32310276
        },
        {
          "start": 32342100,
          "end": 32342282
        },
        {
          "start": 32343134,
          "end": 32343286
        },
        {
          "start": 32345943,
          "end": 32346080
        },
        {
          "start": 32348406,
          "end": 32348528
        },
        {
          "start": 32362788,
          "end": 32362958
        },
        {
          "start": 32364582,
          "end": 32364710
        },
        {
          "start": 32365020,
          "end": 32365199
        },
        {
          "start": 32380510,
          "end": 32380680
        },
        {
          "start": 32386310,
          "end": 32386465
        },
        {
          "start": 32389501,
          "end": 32389674
        },
        {
          "start": 32390071,
          "end": 32390181
        },
        {
          "start": 32411752,
          "end": 32411913
        },
        {
          "start": 32438241,
          "end": 32438390
        },
        {
          "start": 32441180,
          "end": 32441314
        },
        {
          "start": 32448456,
          "end": 32448638
        },
        {
          "start": 32454662,
          "end": 32454832
        },
        {
          "start": 32463439,
          "end": 32463594
        },
        {
          "start": 32464586,
          "end": 32464699
        },
        {
          "start": 32468498,
          "end": 32468710
        },
        {
          "start": 32472164,
          "end": 32472309
        },
        {
          "start": 32484919,
          "end": 32485099
        },
        {
          "start": 32491277,
          "end": 32491518
        },
        {
          "start": 32501755,
          "end": 32501842
        },
        {
          "start": 32518008,
          "end": 32518131
        },
        {
          "start": 32545159,
          "end": 32545334
        },
        {
          "start": 32565702,
          "end": 32565881
        },
        {
          "start": 32573530,
          "end": 32573637
        },
        {
          "start": 32573745,
          "end": 32573846
        },
        {
          "start": 32595757,
          "end": 32595876
        },
        {
          "start": 32614303,
          "end": 32614453
        },
        {
          "start": 32644132,
          "end": 32644313
        },
        {
          "start": 32644964,
          "end": 32645152
        },
        {
          "start": 32697870,
          "end": 32697998
        },
        {
          "start": 32699112,
          "end": 32699293
        },
        {
          "start": 32809493,
          "end": 32809611
        },
        {
          "start": 32816468,
          "end": 32816640
        },
        {
          "start": 32823295,
          "end": 32823387
        },
        {
          "start": 32844783,
          "end": 32844860
        },
        {
          "start": 32849728,
          "end": 32849820
        },
        {
          "start": 33020139,
          "end": 33020200
        },
        {
          "start": 33211282,
          "end": 33211549
        }
      ],
      "cds": {
        "start": 31121919,
        "end": 33211312
      }
    },
    "grch37": {
      "build": "GRCh37",
      "release": "87",
      "chrom": "X",
      "start": 31115794,
      "end": 33357558,
      "strand": "-"
    },
    "neighbourhood": {
      "release": "116",
      "start": 29026894,
      "end": 35303877,
      "genes": [
        {
          "symbol": "IL1RAPL1",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000169306",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 28587123,
          "end": 29958600,
          "strand": "+",
          "slug": "il1rapl1"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "MAGEB2",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000099399",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 30215552,
          "end": 30220089,
          "strand": "+",
          "slug": "mageb2"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "MAGEB3",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000198798",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 30230657,
          "end": 30237495,
          "strand": "+",
          "slug": "mageb3"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "MAGEB4",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000120289",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 30242000,
          "end": 30244187,
          "strand": "+",
          "slug": "mageb4"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "MAGEB1",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000214107",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 30243715,
          "end": 30252041,
          "strand": "+",
          "slug": "mageb1"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "NR0B1",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000169297",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 30304206,
          "end": 30309394,
          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "nr0b1"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "TASL",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000120280",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 30557703,
          "end": 30577921,
          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "tasl"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "GK",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000198814",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 30653336,
          "end": 30733182,
          "strand": "+",
          "slug": "gk"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "TAB3",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000157625",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 30827442,
          "end": 30975084,
          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "tab3"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "FTHL17",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000132446",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 31071233,
          "end": 31072041,
          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "fthl17"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "FAM47A",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000185448",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 34129752,
          "end": 34132314,
          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "fam47a"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "TMEM47",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000147027",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 34627075,
          "end": 34657333,
          "strand": "-",
          "slug": "tmem47"
        },
        {
          "symbol": "FAM47B",
          "ensemblId": "ENSG00000189132",
          "biotype": "protein_coding",
          "start": 34942796,
          "end": 34944915,
          "strand": "+",
          "slug": "fam47b"
        }
      ],
      "truncated": false
    },
    "reports": [
      {
        "slug": "dilated-cardiomyopathy",
        "name": "Dilated Cardiomyopathy",
        "diseases": [
          {
            "mondoId": "MONDO:0005021",
            "name": "Dilated Cardiomyopathy",
            "genes": 50,
            "inheritance": null,
            "description": "Enlargement and weakening of the left ventricle not explained by coronary artery or valve disease; inherited forms involve TTN, LMNA, RBM20, FLNC, BAG3, DSP, MYH7, TNNT2, DES, PLN and many other genes, and include Barth syndrome and the Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophies.",
            "management": "Knowing a genetic cause supports earlier heart monitoring and family screening, and for genes with a high arrhythmia risk such as LMNA, FLNC and RBM20 it informs decisions about rhythm monitoring and implantable defibrillators.",
            "evidence": {
              "gencc": [
                "Ambry Genetics",
                "Natera"
              ],
              "acmgSf": false,
              "inheritance": [
                "x-linked-recessive"
              ],
              "actionability": 11
            },
            "sameAsReport": true,
            "broad": false
          }
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/conditions/dilated-cardiomyopathy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "duchenne-muscular-dystrophy",
        "name": "Dystrophinopathies (Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy)",
        "diseases": [
          {
            "mondoId": "MONDO:0010679",
            "name": "Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy",
            "genes": 1,
            "inheritance": "x-linked-recessive",
            "description": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by rapidly progressive muscle weakness and wasting due to degeneration of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.",
            "management": "Corticosteroids (deflazacort, prednisone); exon-skipping antisense oligonucleotides (eteplirsen, golodirsen, viltolarsen, casimersen); ataluren for nonsense variants; micro-dystrophin gene therapy (delandistrogene moxeparvovec); cardiac and respiratory management",
            "evidence": {
              "gencc": [
                "Ambry Genetics",
                "G2P",
                "Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)",
                "Natera"
              ],
              "acmgSf": false,
              "inheritance": [
                "x-linked-recessive"
              ]
            },
            "sameAsReport": false,
            "broad": false
          },
          {
            "mondoId": "MONDO:0010311",
            "name": "Becker muscular dystrophy",
            "genes": 1,
            "inheritance": "x-linked-recessive",
            "description": "A milder, later-onset dystrophinopathy caused by DMD variants that leave some functional dystrophin, with progressive limb weakness and a high risk of heart muscle disease.",
            "management": null,
            "evidence": {
              "gencc": [
                "Ambry Genetics"
              ],
              "acmgSf": false,
              "inheritance": []
            },
            "sameAsReport": false,
            "broad": false
          }
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/conditions/duchenne-muscular-dystrophy"
      }
    ],
    "pharmacogenomics": [],
    "traits": [],
    "phenotypes": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-ekg",
        "name": "Abnormal EKG",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-ekg"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gait-disturbance",
        "name": "Abnormal gait",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/gait-disturbance"
      },
      {
        "slug": "arrhythmia",
        "name": "Abnormal heart rate",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/arrhythmia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-urinary-color",
        "name": "Abnormal urinary color",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-metabolism-homeostasis",
          "abnormality-of-the-genitourinary-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-urinary-color"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-lower-limb",
        "name": "Abnormality of the lower limb",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-limbs"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-lower-limb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-shoulder-girdle-musculature",
        "name": "Abnormality of the shoulder girdle musculature",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-limbs",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-shoulder-girdle-musculature"
      },
      {
        "slug": "absent-muscle-dystrophin-expression",
        "name": "Absent muscle dystrophin expression",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/absent-muscle-dystrophin-expression"
      },
      {
        "slug": "calf-muscle-pseudohypertrophy",
        "name": "Calf muscle pseudohypertrophy",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-limbs",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/calf-muscle-pseudohypertrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "congestive-heart-failure",
        "name": "Cardiac failure",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/congestive-heart-failure"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cognitive-impairment",
        "name": "Cognitive impairment",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/cognitive-impairment"
      },
      {
        "slug": "exercise-intolerance",
        "name": "Decreased ability to exercise",
        "systems": [
          "constitutional-symptom"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/exercise-intolerance"
      },
      {
        "slug": "respiratory-insufficiency-due-to-muscle-weakness",
        "name": "Decreased lung function due to weak breathing muscles",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system",
          "abnormality-of-the-respiratory-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/respiratory-insufficiency-due-to-muscle-weakness"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hyporeflexia",
        "name": "Decreased reflex response",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hyporeflexia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "delayed-gross-motor-development",
        "name": "Delayed motor skills",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/delayed-gross-motor-development"
      },
      {
        "slug": "delayed-speech-and-language-development",
        "name": "Delayed speech and language development",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/delayed-speech-and-language-development"
      },
      {
        "slug": "difficulty-climbing-stairs",
        "name": "Difficulty walking up stairs",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/difficulty-climbing-stairs"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cardiomyopathy",
        "name": "Disease of the heart muscle",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/cardiomyopathy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "distal-sensory-impairment-of-all-modalities",
        "name": "Distal sensory impairment of all modalities",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/distal-sensory-impairment-of-all-modalities"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pes-planus",
        "name": "Dropped arches",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-limbs"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/pes-planus"
      },
      {
        "slug": "elbow-flexion-contracture",
        "name": "Elbow flexion contracture",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-limbs",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/elbow-flexion-contracture"
      },
      {
        "slug": "elevated-circulating-creatine-kinase-activity",
        "name": "Elevated blood creatine phosphokinase",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-metabolism-homeostasis"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/elevated-circulating-creatine-kinase-activity"
      },
      {
        "slug": "elevated-circulating-ck-mb-concentration",
        "name": "Elevated circulating CK-MB concentration",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-metabolism-homeostasis"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/elevated-circulating-ck-mb-concentration"
      },
      {
        "slug": "emg-abnormality",
        "name": "EMG abnormality",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/emg-abnormality"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lumbar-hyperlordosis",
        "name": "Excessive inward curvature of lower spine",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/lumbar-hyperlordosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "exercise-induced-muscle-cramps",
        "name": "Exercise-induced muscle cramps",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/exercise-induced-muscle-cramps"
      },
      {
        "slug": "exertional-dyspnea",
        "name": "Exertional breathlessness",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-respiratory-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/exertional-dyspnea"
      },
      {
        "slug": "falls",
        "name": "Falls",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/falls"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fatigue",
        "name": "Fatigue",
        "systems": [
          "constitutional-symptom"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/fatigue"
      },
      {
        "slug": "flexion-contracture",
        "name": "Flexed joint that cannot be straightened",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/flexion-contracture"
      },
      {
        "slug": "edema",
        "name": "Fluid retention",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-metabolism-homeostasis"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/edema"
      },
      {
        "slug": "generalized-muscle-weakness",
        "name": "Generalized muscle weakness",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/generalized-muscle-weakness"
      },
      {
        "slug": "global-developmental-delay",
        "name": "Global developmental delay",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/global-developmental-delay"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gowers-sign",
        "name": "Gowers sign",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/gowers-sign"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hamstring-contractures",
        "name": "Hamstring contractures",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hamstring-contractures"
      },
      {
        "slug": "elevated-circulating-hepatic-transaminase-concentration",
        "name": "High liver enzymes",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-metabolism-homeostasis"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/elevated-circulating-hepatic-transaminase-concentration"
      },
      {
        "slug": "knee-flexion-contracture",
        "name": "Inability to straighten knee",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-limbs",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/knee-flexion-contracture"
      },
      {
        "slug": "inability-to-walk",
        "name": "Inability to walk",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/inability-to-walk"
      },
      {
        "slug": "increased-left-ventricular-end-diastolic-volume",
        "name": "Increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/increased-left-ventricular-end-diastolic-volume"
      },
      {
        "slug": "calf-muscle-hypertrophy",
        "name": "Increased size of calf muscles",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-limbs",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/calf-muscle-hypertrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "increased-variability-in-muscle-fiber-diameter",
        "name": "Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/increased-variability-in-muscle-fiber-diameter"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mild-intellectual-disability",
        "name": "Intellectual disability, mild",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/mild-intellectual-disability"
      },
      {
        "slug": "left-ventricular-hypertrophy",
        "name": "Left ventricular hypertrophy",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/left-ventricular-hypertrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "left-ventricular-systolic-dysfunction",
        "name": "Left ventricular systolic dysfunction",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/left-ventricular-systolic-dysfunction"
      },
      {
        "slug": "loss-of-ambulation",
        "name": "Loss of ability to walk",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/loss-of-ambulation"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lipoatrophy",
        "name": "Loss of fat tissue in localized area",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/lipoatrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hypotonia",
        "name": "Low muscle tone",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hypotonia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "motor-delay",
        "name": "Motor delay",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/motor-delay"
      },
      {
        "slug": "myalgia",
        "name": "Muscle ache",
        "systems": [
          "constitutional-symptom"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/myalgia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "skeletal-muscle-atrophy",
        "name": "Muscle degeneration",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/skeletal-muscle-atrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "muscle-spasm",
        "name": "Muscle spasm",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/muscle-spasm"
      },
      {
        "slug": "myopathy",
        "name": "Muscle tissue disease",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/myopathy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fasciculations",
        "name": "Muscle twitch",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/fasciculations"
      },
      {
        "slug": "muscle-weakness",
        "name": "Muscle weakness",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/muscle-weakness"
      },
      {
        "slug": "muscular-dystrophy",
        "name": "Muscular dystrophy",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/muscular-dystrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "myoglobinuria",
        "name": "Myoglobinuria",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-metabolism-homeostasis",
          "abnormality-of-the-genitourinary-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/myoglobinuria"
      },
      {
        "slug": "obstructive-sleep-apnea",
        "name": "Obstructive sleep apnea",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/obstructive-sleep-apnea"
      },
      {
        "slug": "orthopnea",
        "name": "Orthopnea",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-respiratory-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/orthopnea"
      },
      {
        "slug": "progressive-muscle-weakness",
        "name": "Progressive muscle weakness",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/progressive-muscle-weakness"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hyperlordosis",
        "name": "Prominent swayback",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hyperlordosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "proximal-muscle-weakness",
        "name": "Proximal neurogenic muscle weakness",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/proximal-muscle-weakness"
      },
      {
        "slug": "quadriceps-muscle-weakness",
        "name": "Quadriceps weakness",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-limbs",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/quadriceps-muscle-weakness"
      },
      {
        "slug": "respiratory-failure",
        "name": "Respiratory failure",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-respiratory-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/respiratory-failure"
      },
      {
        "slug": "respiratory-insufficiency",
        "name": "Respiratory function loss",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-respiratory-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/respiratory-insufficiency"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scoliosis",
        "name": "Scoliosis",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/scoliosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sensorineural-hearing-impairment",
        "name": "Sensorineural hearing impairment",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-ear"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/sensorineural-hearing-impairment"
      },
      {
        "slug": "achilles-tendon-contracture",
        "name": "Shortening of the achilles tendon",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-limbs",
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/achilles-tendon-contracture"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hypoventilation",
        "name": "Slow breathing",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-respiratory-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hypoventilation"
      },
      {
        "slug": "specific-learning-disability",
        "name": "Specific learning disability",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/specific-learning-disability"
      },
      {
        "slug": "restrictive-ventilatory-defect",
        "name": "Stiff lung or chest wall causing decreased lung volume",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-respiratory-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/restrictive-ventilatory-defect"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dilated-cardiomyopathy",
        "name": "Stretched and thinned heart muscle",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/dilated-cardiomyopathy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "thoracic-kyphosis",
        "name": "Thoracic kyphosis",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/thoracic-kyphosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "thoracic-scoliosis",
        "name": "Thoracic scoliosis",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/thoracic-scoliosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "thromboembolic-stroke",
        "name": "Thromboembolic stroke",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-blood-and-blood-forming-tissues"
        ],
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/thromboembolic-stroke"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tip-toe-gait",
        "name": "Toe walking",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/tip-toe-gait"
      },
      {
        "slug": "waddling-gait",
        "name": "Waddling gait",
        "systems": [
          "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
        ],
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/waddling-gait"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      {
        "slug": "abcc9",
        "symbol": "ABCC9",
        "name": "ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 9",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/abcc9"
      },
      {
        "slug": "actc1",
        "symbol": "ACTC1",
        "name": "actin alpha cardiac muscle 1",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/actc1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bag3",
        "symbol": "BAG3",
        "name": "BAG cochaperone 3",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bag3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bag5",
        "symbol": "BAG5",
        "name": "BAG cochaperone 5",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bag5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "des",
        "symbol": "DES",
        "name": "desmin",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/des"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dolk",
        "symbol": "DOLK",
        "name": "dolichol kinase",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dolk"
      },
      {
        "slug": "emd",
        "symbol": "EMD",
        "name": "emerin",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/emd"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fhl1",
        "symbol": "FHL1",
        "name": "four and a half LIM domains 1",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fhl1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fktn",
        "symbol": "FKTN",
        "name": "fukutin",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fktn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "flii",
        "symbol": "FLII",
        "name": "FLII actin remodeling protein",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/flii"
      },
      {
        "slug": "flnc",
        "symbol": "FLNC",
        "name": "filamin C",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/flnc"
      },
      {
        "slug": "jph2",
        "symbol": "JPH2",
        "name": "junctophilin 2",
        "shared": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/jph2"
      }
    ],
    "sources": {
      "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
      "panel": "2026-10-17",
      "acmgSf": "SF v3.2"
    },
    "locusKind": "proteinCoding"
  },
  "variants": {
    "total": 0,
    "url": null,
    "items": []
  }
}