{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/ventricular-hypertrophy",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.16-c6eea6bf",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "ventricular-hypertrophy",
    "id": "HP:0001714",
    "name": "Ventricular hypertrophy",
    "definition": "Enlargement of the cardiac ventricular muscle tissue with increase in the width of the wall of the ventricle and loss of elasticity. Ventricular hypertrophy is clinically differentiated into left and right ventricular hypertrophy.",
    "synonyms": [],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the cardiovascular system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-cardiac-ventricle-morphology",
        "name": "Abnormal cardiac ventricle morphology",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-cardiac-ventricle-morphology"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "left-ventricular-hypertrophy",
        "name": "Left ventricular hypertrophy",
        "genes": 123,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/left-ventricular-hypertrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "right-ventricular-hypertrophy",
        "name": "Right ventricular hypertrophy",
        "genes": 33,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/right-ventricular-hypertrophy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "biventricular-hypertrophy",
        "name": "Biventricular hypertrophy",
        "genes": 16,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/biventricular-hypertrophy"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "cox6b1",
        "symbol": "COX6B1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2280",
        "name": "cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cox6b1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dnm1l",
        "symbol": "DNM1L",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2973",
        "name": "dynamin 1L",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dnm1l"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ptbp1",
        "symbol": "PTBP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9583",
        "name": "polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ptbp1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sco1",
        "symbol": "SCO1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10603",
        "name": "synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sco1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cacna1d",
        "symbol": "CACNA1D",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1391",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacna1d"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lmna",
        "symbol": "LMNA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6636",
        "name": "lamin A/C",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lmna"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gyg1",
        "symbol": "GYG1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4699",
        "name": "glycogenin 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gyg1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mybpc3",
        "symbol": "MYBPC3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7551",
        "name": "myosin binding protein C3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mybpc3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smad2",
        "symbol": "SMAD2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6768",
        "name": "SMAD family member 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smad2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abcc6",
        "symbol": "ABCC6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:57",
        "name": "ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/abcc6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cox7b",
        "symbol": "COX7B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2291",
        "name": "cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cox7b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cpt2",
        "symbol": "CPT2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2330",
        "name": "carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cpt2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "enpp1",
        "symbol": "ENPP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3356",
        "name": "ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/enpp1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gba1",
        "symbol": "GBA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4177",
        "name": "glucosylceramidase beta 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gba1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rap1b",
        "symbol": "RAP1B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9857",
        "name": "RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rap1b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smad3",
        "symbol": "SMAD3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6769",
        "name": "SMAD family member 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smad3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "wac",
        "symbol": "WAC",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17327",
        "name": "WW domain containing adaptor with coiled-coil",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/wac"
      },
      {
        "slug": "zmpste24",
        "symbol": "ZMPSTE24",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12877",
        "name": "zinc metallopeptidase STE24",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/zmpste24"
      },
      {
        "slug": "agl",
        "symbol": "AGL",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:321",
        "name": "amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase and 4-alpha-glucanotransferase",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/agl"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chst3",
        "symbol": "CHST3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1971",
        "name": "carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chst3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fhl1",
        "symbol": "FHL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3702",
        "name": "four and a half LIM domains 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fhl1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gpr101",
        "symbol": "GPR101",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:14963",
        "name": "G protein-coupled receptor 101",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gpr101"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nod2",
        "symbol": "NOD2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5331",
        "name": "nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nod2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nsmce2",
        "symbol": "NSMCE2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26513",
        "name": "NSE2 SUMO ligase component of SMC5/6 complex",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nsmce2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rpl5",
        "symbol": "RPL5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10360",
        "name": "ribosomal protein L5",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rpl5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sgcd",
        "symbol": "SGCD",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10807",
        "name": "sarcoglycan delta",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sgcd"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc25a20",
        "symbol": "SLC25A20",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1421",
        "name": "solute carrier family 25 member 20",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc25a20"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc2a10",
        "symbol": "SLC2A10",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13444",
        "name": "solute carrier family 2 member 10",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc2a10"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tnni3",
        "symbol": "TNNI3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11947",
        "name": "troponin I3, cardiac type",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tnni3"
      }
    ]
  }
}