{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/generalized-hyperpigmentation",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "generalized-hyperpigmentation",
    "id": "HP:0007440",
    "name": "Generalized hyperpigmentation",
    "synonyms": [
      "Generalised hyperpigmentation"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-integument",
        "name": "Abnormality of the integument",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-integument"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "hyperpigmentation-of-the-skin",
        "name": "Patchy darkened skin",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/hyperpigmentation-of-the-skin"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "generalized-bronze-hyperpigmentation",
        "name": "Bronze skin",
        "genes": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/generalized-bronze-hyperpigmentation"
      },
      {
        "slug": "generalized-reticulate-brown-pigmentation",
        "name": "Generalized reticulate brown pigmentation",
        "genes": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/generalized-reticulate-brown-pigmentation"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "gpnmb",
        "symbol": "GPNMB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4462",
        "name": "glycoprotein nmb",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gpnmb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mc2r",
        "symbol": "MC2R",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6930",
        "name": "melanocortin 2 receptor",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mc2r"
      },
      {
        "slug": "osbpl2",
        "symbol": "OSBPL2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15761",
        "name": "oxysterol binding protein like 2",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/osbpl2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aaas",
        "symbol": "AAAS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13666",
        "name": "aladin WD repeat nucleoporin",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/aaas"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cyp11a1",
        "symbol": "CYP11A1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2590",
        "name": "cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cyp11a1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gmppa",
        "symbol": "GMPPA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:22923",
        "name": "GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase A",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gmppa"
      },
      {
        "slug": "insr",
        "symbol": "INSR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6091",
        "name": "insulin receptor",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/insr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kras",
        "symbol": "KRAS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6407",
        "name": "KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kras"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mrap",
        "symbol": "MRAP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1304",
        "name": "melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mrap"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nnt",
        "symbol": "NNT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7863",
        "name": "nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nnt"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pax6",
        "symbol": "PAX6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8620",
        "name": "paired box 6",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pax6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "star",
        "symbol": "STAR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11359",
        "name": "steroidogenic acute regulatory protein",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/star"
      },
      {
        "slug": "trappc11",
        "symbol": "TRAPPC11",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25751",
        "name": "trafficking protein particle complex subunit 11",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/trappc11"
      },
      {
        "slug": "txnrd2",
        "symbol": "TXNRD2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18155",
        "name": "thioredoxin reductase 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/txnrd2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "acd",
        "symbol": "ACD",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25070",
        "name": "ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/acd"
      },
      {
        "slug": "braf",
        "symbol": "BRAF",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1097",
        "name": "B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/braf"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dkc1",
        "symbol": "DKC1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2890",
        "name": "dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dkc1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hamp",
        "symbol": "HAMP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15598",
        "name": "hepcidin antimicrobial peptide",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hamp"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hjv",
        "symbol": "HJV",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4887",
        "name": "hemojuvelin BMP co-receptor",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hjv"
      },
      {
        "slug": "map2k1",
        "symbol": "MAP2K1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6840",
        "name": "mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/map2k1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "map2k2",
        "symbol": "MAP2K2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6842",
        "name": "mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/map2k2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "parn",
        "symbol": "PARN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8609",
        "name": "poly(A)-specific ribonuclease",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/parn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rtel1",
        "symbol": "RTEL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15888",
        "name": "regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rtel1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "terc",
        "symbol": "TERC",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11727",
        "name": "telomerase RNA component",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/terc"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tert",
        "symbol": "TERT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11730",
        "name": "telomerase reverse transcriptase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tert"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tinf2",
        "symbol": "TINF2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11824",
        "name": "TERF1 interacting nuclear factor 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tinf2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aip",
        "symbol": "AIP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:358",
        "name": "AHR interacting HSP90 co-chaperone",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/aip"
      },
      {
        "slug": "akt1",
        "symbol": "AKT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:391",
        "name": "AKT serine/threonine kinase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/akt1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cd4",
        "symbol": "CD4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1678",
        "name": "CD4 molecule",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cd4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gpr101",
        "symbol": "GPR101",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:14963",
        "name": "G protein-coupled receptor 101",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gpr101"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hras",
        "symbol": "HRAS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5173",
        "name": "HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hras"
      },
      {
        "slug": "irf4",
        "symbol": "IRF4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6119",
        "name": "interferon regulatory factor 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/irf4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "myo5a",
        "symbol": "MYO5A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7602",
        "name": "myosin VA",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/myo5a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "atp6v1b2",
        "symbol": "ATP6V1B2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:854",
        "name": "ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit B2",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/atp6v1b2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnh1",
        "symbol": "KCNH1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6250",
        "name": "potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnh1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnn3",
        "symbol": "KCNN3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6292",
        "name": "potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 3",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnn3"
      }
    ]
  }
}