{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/dysgraphia",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.16-c6eea6bf",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "dysgraphia",
    "id": "HP:0010526",
    "name": "Dysgraphia",
    "definition": "A writing disability in the absence of motor or sensory deficits of the upper extremities, resulting in an impairment in the ability to write regardless of the ability to read and not due to intellectual impairment.",
    "synonyms": [],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the nervous system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-speech-pattern",
        "name": "Abnormal speech pattern",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-speech-pattern"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "lrrc7",
        "symbol": "LRRC7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18531",
        "name": "leucine rich repeat containing 7",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lrrc7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "baz1b",
        "symbol": "BAZ1B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:961",
        "name": "bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 1B",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/baz1b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bud23",
        "symbol": "BUD23",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16405",
        "name": "BUD23 rRNA methyltransferase and ribosome maturation factor",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bud23"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chmp2b",
        "symbol": "CHMP2B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:24537",
        "name": "charged multivesicular body protein 2B",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chmp2b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "clip2",
        "symbol": "CLIP2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2586",
        "name": "CAP-Gly domain containing linker protein 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/clip2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dnajc30",
        "symbol": "DNAJC30",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16410",
        "name": "DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C30",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dnajc30"
      },
      {
        "slug": "eif4h",
        "symbol": "EIF4H",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12741",
        "name": "eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/eif4h"
      },
      {
        "slug": "eln",
        "symbol": "ELN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3327",
        "name": "elastin",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/eln"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fkbp6",
        "symbol": "FKBP6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3722",
        "name": "FKBP prolyl isomerase family member 6 (inactive)",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fkbp6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "grn",
        "symbol": "GRN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4601",
        "name": "granulin precursor",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/grn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gtf2i",
        "symbol": "GTF2I",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4659",
        "name": "general transcription factor IIi",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gtf2i"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gtf2ird1",
        "symbol": "GTF2IRD1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4661",
        "name": "GTF2I repeat domain containing 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gtf2ird1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gtf2ird2",
        "symbol": "GTF2IRD2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30775",
        "name": "GTF2I repeat domain containing 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gtf2ird2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "limk1",
        "symbol": "LIMK1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6613",
        "name": "LIM domain kinase 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/limk1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mapt",
        "symbol": "MAPT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6893",
        "name": "microtubule associated protein tau",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mapt"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mettl27",
        "symbol": "METTL27",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:19068",
        "name": "methyltransferase like 27",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mettl27"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ncf1",
        "symbol": "NCF1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7660",
        "name": "neutrophil cytosolic factor 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ncf1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "psen1",
        "symbol": "PSEN1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9508",
        "name": "presenilin 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 4,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/psen1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rfc2",
        "symbol": "RFC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9970",
        "name": "replication factor C subunit 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rfc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sqstm1",
        "symbol": "SQSTM1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11280",
        "name": "sequestosome 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sqstm1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "stx1a",
        "symbol": "STX1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11433",
        "name": "syntaxin 1A",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/stx1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tbl2",
        "symbol": "TBL2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11586",
        "name": "transducin beta like 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tbl2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tmem106b",
        "symbol": "TMEM106B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:22407",
        "name": "transmembrane protein 106B",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tmem106b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tmem270",
        "symbol": "TMEM270",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23018",
        "name": "transmembrane protein 270",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tmem270"
      },
      {
        "slug": "trem2",
        "symbol": "TREM2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17761",
        "name": "triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 4,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/trem2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vcp",
        "symbol": "VCP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12666",
        "name": "valosin containing protein",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/vcp"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vps37d",
        "symbol": "VPS37D",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18287",
        "name": "VPS37D subunit of ESCRT-I",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/vps37d"
      },
      {
        "slug": "spg21",
        "symbol": "SPG21",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20373",
        "name": "SPG21 abhydrolase domain containing, maspardin",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/spg21"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tmem240",
        "symbol": "TMEM240",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25186",
        "name": "transmembrane protein 240",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tmem240"
      },
      {
        "slug": "app",
        "symbol": "APP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:620",
        "name": "amyloid beta precursor protein",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/app"
      },
      {
        "slug": "atm",
        "symbol": "ATM",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:795",
        "name": "ATM serine/threonine kinase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/atm"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bmpr1a",
        "symbol": "BMPR1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1076",
        "name": "bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bmpr1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "brca2",
        "symbol": "BRCA2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1101",
        "name": "BRCA2 DNA repair associated",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/brca2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chek2",
        "symbol": "CHEK2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16627",
        "name": "checkpoint kinase 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chek2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "epcam",
        "symbol": "EPCAM",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11529",
        "name": "epithelial cell adhesion molecule",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/epcam"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kras",
        "symbol": "KRAS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6407",
        "name": "KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kras"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mlh1",
        "symbol": "MLH1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7127",
        "name": "mutL homolog 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mlh1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "msh2",
        "symbol": "MSH2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7325",
        "name": "mutS homolog 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/msh2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "msh6",
        "symbol": "MSH6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7329",
        "name": "mutS homolog 6",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/msh6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mutyh",
        "symbol": "MUTYH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7527",
        "name": "mutY DNA glycosylase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mutyh"
      },
      {
        "slug": "npat",
        "symbol": "NPAT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7896",
        "name": "nuclear protein, coactivator of histone transcription",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/npat"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pik3ca",
        "symbol": "PIK3CA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8975",
        "name": "phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pik3ca"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pms1",
        "symbol": "PMS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9121",
        "name": "PMS1 homolog 1, mismatch repair system component",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pms1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pms2",
        "symbol": "PMS2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9122",
        "name": "PMS1 homolog 2, mismatch repair system component",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pms2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pold1",
        "symbol": "POLD1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9175",
        "name": "DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pold1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pole",
        "symbol": "POLE",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9177",
        "name": "DNA polymerase epsilon, catalytic subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pole"
      },
      {
        "slug": "psen2",
        "symbol": "PSEN2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9509",
        "name": "presenilin 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/psen2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rps20",
        "symbol": "RPS20",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10405",
        "name": "ribosomal protein S20",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rps20"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sema4a",
        "symbol": "SEMA4A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10729",
        "name": "semaphorin 4A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sema4a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sorl1",
        "symbol": "SORL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11185",
        "name": "sortilin related receptor 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sorl1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sox6",
        "symbol": "SOX6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16421",
        "name": "SRY-box transcription factor 6",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sox6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tgfbr2",
        "symbol": "TGFBR2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11773",
        "name": "transforming growth factor beta receptor 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tgfbr2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tomm40",
        "symbol": "TOMM40",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18001",
        "name": "translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tomm40"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fgf14",
        "symbol": "FGF14",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3671",
        "name": "fibroblast growth factor 14",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fgf14"
      }
    ]
  }
}