{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/ventricular-arrhythmia",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "ventricular-arrhythmia",
    "id": "HP:0004308",
    "name": "Ventricular arrhythmia",
    "synonyms": [
      "Ventricular arrhythmias"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the cardiovascular system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-cardiovascular-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "arrhythmia",
        "name": "Abnormal heart rate",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/arrhythmia"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "ventricular-fibrillation",
        "name": "Ventricular fibrillation",
        "genes": 55,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/ventricular-fibrillation"
      },
      {
        "slug": "premature-ventricular-contraction",
        "name": "Extra heart beat",
        "genes": 31,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/premature-ventricular-contraction"
      },
      {
        "slug": "torsade-de-pointes",
        "name": "Torsade de pointes",
        "genes": 13,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/torsade-de-pointes"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ventricular-preexcitation",
        "name": "Ventricular preexcitation",
        "genes": 13,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/ventricular-preexcitation"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ventricular-escape-rhythm",
        "name": "Ventricular escape rhythm",
        "genes": 11,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/ventricular-escape-rhythm"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "actb",
        "symbol": "ACTB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:132",
        "name": "actin beta",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/actb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dsg2",
        "symbol": "DSG2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3049",
        "name": "desmoglein 2",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dsg2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "jup",
        "symbol": "JUP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6207",
        "name": "junction plakoglobin",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/jup"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lmna",
        "symbol": "LMNA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6636",
        "name": "lamin A/C",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 4,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lmna"
      },
      {
        "slug": "piga",
        "symbol": "PIGA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8957",
        "name": "phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class A",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/piga"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnj2",
        "symbol": "KCNJ2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6263",
        "name": "potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnj2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnj5",
        "symbol": "KCNJ5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6266",
        "name": "potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 5",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnj5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "raf1",
        "symbol": "RAF1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9829",
        "name": "Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/raf1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "actc1",
        "symbol": "ACTC1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:143",
        "name": "actin alpha cardiac muscle 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/actc1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cacna2d1",
        "symbol": "CACNA2D1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1399",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacna2d1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cdh23",
        "symbol": "CDH23",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13733",
        "name": "cadherin related 23",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cdh23"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnh2",
        "symbol": "KCNH2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6251",
        "name": "potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnh2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnq1",
        "symbol": "KCNQ1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6294",
        "name": "potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnq1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ldb3",
        "symbol": "LDB3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15710",
        "name": "LIM domain binding 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ldb3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "polg",
        "symbol": "POLG",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9179",
        "name": "DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/polg"
      },
      {
        "slug": "polg2",
        "symbol": "POLG2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9180",
        "name": "DNA polymerase gamma 2, accessory subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/polg2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rrm2b",
        "symbol": "RRM2B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17296",
        "name": "ribonucleotide reductase regulatory TP53 inducible subunit M2B",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rrm2b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc25a4",
        "symbol": "SLC25A4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10990",
        "name": "solute carrier family 25 member 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc25a4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc4a3",
        "symbol": "SLC4A3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11029",
        "name": "solute carrier family 4 member 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc4a3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "twnk",
        "symbol": "TWNK",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1160",
        "name": "twinkle mtDNA helicase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/twnk"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abcc9",
        "symbol": "ABCC9",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:60",
        "name": "ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 9",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/abcc9"
      },
      {
        "slug": "akap9",
        "symbol": "AKAP9",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:379",
        "name": "A-kinase anchoring protein 9",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/akap9"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cacna1c",
        "symbol": "CACNA1C",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1390",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacna1c"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cacnb2",
        "symbol": "CACNB2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1402",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 2",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacnb2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gpd1l",
        "symbol": "GPD1L",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28956",
        "name": "glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gpd1l"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hcn4",
        "symbol": "HCN4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16882",
        "name": "hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 4",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hcn4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnd3",
        "symbol": "KCND3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6239",
        "name": "potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnd3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcne3",
        "symbol": "KCNE3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6243",
        "name": "potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 3",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcne3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcne5",
        "symbol": "KCNE5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6241",
        "name": "potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 5",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcne5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnj8",
        "symbol": "KCNJ8",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6269",
        "name": "potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnj8"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pkp2",
        "symbol": "PKP2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9024",
        "name": "plakophilin 2",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pkp2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rangrf",
        "symbol": "RANGRF",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17679",
        "name": "RAN guanine nucleotide release factor",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rangrf"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scn10a",
        "symbol": "SCN10A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10582",
        "name": "sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/scn10a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scn1b",
        "symbol": "SCN1B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10586",
        "name": "sodium voltage-gated channel beta subunit 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/scn1b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scn2b",
        "symbol": "SCN2B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10589",
        "name": "sodium voltage-gated channel beta subunit 2",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/scn2b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scn3b",
        "symbol": "SCN3B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20665",
        "name": "sodium voltage-gated channel beta subunit 3",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/scn3b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scn5a",
        "symbol": "SCN5A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10593",
        "name": "sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/scn5a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scnn1a",
        "symbol": "SCNN1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10599",
        "name": "sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alpha",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/scnn1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sema3a",
        "symbol": "SEMA3A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10723",
        "name": "semaphorin 3A",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sema3a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slmap",
        "symbol": "SLMAP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16643",
        "name": "sarcolemma associated protein",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slmap"
      },
      {
        "slug": "trpm4",
        "symbol": "TRPM4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17993",
        "name": "transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/trpm4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cav3",
        "symbol": "CAV3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1529",
        "name": "caveolin 3",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cav3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dsc2",
        "symbol": "DSC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3036",
        "name": "desmocollin 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dsc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dtna",
        "symbol": "DTNA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3057",
        "name": "dystrobrevin alpha",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dtna"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pln",
        "symbol": "PLN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9080",
        "name": "phospholamban",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pln"
      }
    ]
  }
}