{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/athetosis",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.18-8b139e39",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "athetosis",
    "id": "HP:0002305",
    "name": "Involuntary writhing movements in fingers, hands, toes, and feet",
    "label": "Athetosis",
    "definition": "A slow, continuous, involuntary writhing movement that prevents maintenance of a stable posture. Athetosis involves continuous smooth movements that appear random and are not composed of recognizable sub-movements or movement fragments. In contrast to chorea, in athetosis, the same regions of the body are repeatedly involved. Athetosis may worsen with attempts at movement of posture, but athetosis can also occur at rest.",
    "synonyms": [
      "Athetoid movements",
      "Involuntary writhing movements"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the nervous system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "involuntary-movements",
        "name": "Involuntary movements",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/involuntary-movements"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "choreoathetosis",
        "name": "Choreoathetosis",
        "genes": 140,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/choreoathetosis"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "abcc8",
        "symbol": "ABCC8",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:59",
        "name": "ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/abcc8"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aco2",
        "symbol": "ACO2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:118",
        "name": "aconitase 2",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/aco2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ddc",
        "symbol": "DDC",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2719",
        "name": "dopa decarboxylase",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ddc"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dnm1l",
        "symbol": "DNM1L",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2973",
        "name": "dynamin 1L",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dnm1l"
      },
      {
        "slug": "foxred1",
        "symbol": "FOXRED1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26927",
        "name": "FAD dependent oxidoreductase domain containing 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/foxred1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kif5a",
        "symbol": "KIF5A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6323",
        "name": "kinesin family member 5A",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kif5a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "shq1",
        "symbol": "SHQ1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25543",
        "name": "SHQ1, H/ACA ribonucleoprotein assembly factor",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/shq1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "twnk",
        "symbol": "TWNK",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1160",
        "name": "twinkle mtDNA helicase",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/twnk"
      },
      {
        "slug": "uba5",
        "symbol": "UBA5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23230",
        "name": "ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 5",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/uba5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "uqcrq",
        "symbol": "UQCRQ",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29594",
        "name": "ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex III subunit VII",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/uqcrq"
      },
      {
        "slug": "wars2",
        "symbol": "WARS2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12730",
        "name": "tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/wars2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcna1",
        "symbol": "KCNA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6218",
        "name": "potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcna1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnj10",
        "symbol": "KCNJ10",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6256",
        "name": "potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnj10"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prrt2",
        "symbol": "PRRT2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30500",
        "name": "proline rich transmembrane protein 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prrt2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aldh18a1",
        "symbol": "ALDH18A1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9722",
        "name": "aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family member A1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/aldh18a1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cacna1d",
        "symbol": "CACNA1D",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1391",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacna1d"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gcdh",
        "symbol": "GCDH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4189",
        "name": "glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gcdh"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnq2",
        "symbol": "KCNQ2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6296",
        "name": "potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnq2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnq3",
        "symbol": "KCNQ3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6297",
        "name": "potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnq3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "plp1",
        "symbol": "PLP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9086",
        "name": "proteolipid protein 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/plp1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "polr3k",
        "symbol": "POLR3K",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:14121",
        "name": "RNA polymerase III subunit K",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/polr3k"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rbm10",
        "symbol": "RBM10",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9896",
        "name": "RNA binding motif protein 10",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rbm10"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scn2a",
        "symbol": "SCN2A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10588",
        "name": "sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/scn2a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "scn8a",
        "symbol": "SCN8A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10596",
        "name": "sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/scn8a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc6a8",
        "symbol": "SLC6A8",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11055",
        "name": "solute carrier family 6 member 8",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc6a8"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aqp4",
        "symbol": "AQP4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:637",
        "name": "aquaporin 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/aqp4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "auh",
        "symbol": "AUH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:890",
        "name": "AU RNA binding methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/auh"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cacna1a",
        "symbol": "CACNA1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1388",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacna1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cux2",
        "symbol": "CUX2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:19347",
        "name": "cut like homeobox 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cux2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cyb5a",
        "symbol": "CYB5A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2570",
        "name": "cytochrome b5 type A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cyb5a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cyb5r3",
        "symbol": "CYB5R3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2873",
        "name": "cytochrome b5 reductase 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cyb5r3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dpysl5",
        "symbol": "DPYSL5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20637",
        "name": "dihydropyrimidinase like 5",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dpysl5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "eprs1",
        "symbol": "EPRS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3418",
        "name": "glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/eprs1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fth1",
        "symbol": "FTH1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3976",
        "name": "ferritin heavy chain 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fth1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gamt",
        "symbol": "GAMT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4136",
        "name": "guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gamt"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gnao1",
        "symbol": "GNAO1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4389",
        "name": "G protein subunit alpha o1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gnao1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gprc5b",
        "symbol": "GPRC5B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13308",
        "name": "G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member B",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gprc5b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hcfc1",
        "symbol": "HCFC1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4839",
        "name": "host cell factor C1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hcfc1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hepacam",
        "symbol": "HEPACAM",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26361",
        "name": "hepatic and glial cell adhesion molecule",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hepacam"
      },
      {
        "slug": "iars2",
        "symbol": "IARS2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29685",
        "name": "isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/iars2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mecr",
        "symbol": "MECR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:19691",
        "name": "mitochondrial trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mecr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mlc1",
        "symbol": "MLC1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17082",
        "name": "modulator of VRAC current 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mlc1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ngly1",
        "symbol": "NGLY1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17646",
        "name": "N-glycanase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ngly1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pc",
        "symbol": "PC",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8636",
        "name": "pyruvate carboxylase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pc"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pex2",
        "symbol": "PEX2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9717",
        "name": "peroxisomal biogenesis factor 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pex2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "phgdh",
        "symbol": "PHGDH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8923",
        "name": "phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/phgdh"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pign",
        "symbol": "PIGN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8967",
        "name": "phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class N",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pign"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pycr1",
        "symbol": "PYCR1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9721",
        "name": "pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pycr1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rnaset2",
        "symbol": "RNASET2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21686",
        "name": "ribonuclease T2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rnaset2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "spg21",
        "symbol": "SPG21",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20373",
        "name": "SPG21 abhydrolase domain containing, maspardin",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/spg21"
      },
      {
        "slug": "trpm3",
        "symbol": "TRPM3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17992",
        "name": "transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/trpm3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "yme1l1",
        "symbol": "YME1L1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12843",
        "name": "YME1 like 1 ATPase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/yme1l1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pdgfb",
        "symbol": "PDGFB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8800",
        "name": "platelet derived growth factor subunit B",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pdgfb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "foxg1",
        "symbol": "FOXG1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3811",
        "name": "forkhead box G1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/foxg1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "jam2",
        "symbol": "JAM2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:14686",
        "name": "junctional adhesion molecule 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/jam2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "myorg",
        "symbol": "MYORG",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:19918",
        "name": "myogenesis regulating glycosidase",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/myorg"
      },
      {
        "slug": "naa60",
        "symbol": "NAA60",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25875",
        "name": "N-alpha-acetyltransferase 60, NatF catalytic subunit",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/naa60"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nde1",
        "symbol": "NDE1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17619",
        "name": "nudE neurodevelopment protein 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nde1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pdgfrb",
        "symbol": "PDGFRB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8804",
        "name": "platelet derived growth factor receptor beta",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pdgfrb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pigv",
        "symbol": "PIGV",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26031",
        "name": "phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class V",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pigv"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc16a2",
        "symbol": "SLC16A2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10923",
        "name": "solute carrier family 16 member 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc16a2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc17a5",
        "symbol": "SLC17A5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10933",
        "name": "solute carrier family 17 member 5",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc17a5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc20a2",
        "symbol": "SLC20A2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10947",
        "name": "solute carrier family 20 member 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc20a2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc46a1",
        "symbol": "SLC46A1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30521",
        "name": "solute carrier family 46 member 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc46a1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smpd1",
        "symbol": "SMPD1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11120",
        "name": "sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smpd1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sucla2",
        "symbol": "SUCLA2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11448",
        "name": "succinate-CoA ligase ADP-forming subunit beta",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sucla2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "trappc11",
        "symbol": "TRAPPC11",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25751",
        "name": "trafficking protein particle complex subunit 11",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/trappc11"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ubqln2",
        "symbol": "UBQLN2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12509",
        "name": "ubiquilin 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ubqln2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "xpr1",
        "symbol": "XPR1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12827",
        "name": "xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/xpr1"
      }
    ]
  }
}