{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/schizophrenia",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "schizophrenia",
    "id": "HP:0100753",
    "name": "Schizophrenia",
    "definition": "A mental disorder characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and emotional responsiveness. It most commonly manifests as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking. It is accompanied by significant social or occupational dysfunction. The onset of symptoms typically occurs in young adulthood, with a global lifetime prevalence of about 1%. This term is not a helpful parent term to describe abnormal experiences.",
    "synonyms": [],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-nervous-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the nervous system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-nervous-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "diagnostic-behavioral-phenotype",
        "name": "Diagnostic behavioral phenotype",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/diagnostic-behavioral-phenotype"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "abcb7",
        "symbol": "ABCB7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:48",
        "name": "ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/abcb7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cntnap2",
        "symbol": "CNTNAP2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13830",
        "name": "contactin associated protein 2",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cntnap2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nit1",
        "symbol": "NIT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7828",
        "name": "nitrilase 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nit1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nrxn1",
        "symbol": "NRXN1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8008",
        "name": "neurexin 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nrxn1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prodh",
        "symbol": "PRODH",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9453",
        "name": "proline dehydrogenase 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prodh"
      },
      {
        "slug": "shank3",
        "symbol": "SHANK3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:14294",
        "name": "SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/shank3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rbm12",
        "symbol": "RBM12",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9898",
        "name": "RNA binding motif protein 12",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rbm12"
      },
      {
        "slug": "amacr",
        "symbol": "AMACR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:451",
        "name": "alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/amacr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "arsa",
        "symbol": "ARSA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:713",
        "name": "arylsulfatase A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/arsa"
      },
      {
        "slug": "arvcf",
        "symbol": "ARVCF",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:728",
        "name": "ARVCF delta catenin family member",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/arvcf"
      },
      {
        "slug": "atg7",
        "symbol": "ATG7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16935",
        "name": "autophagy related 7",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/atg7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chrna7",
        "symbol": "CHRNA7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1960",
        "name": "cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chrna7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "comt",
        "symbol": "COMT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2228",
        "name": "catechol-O-methyltransferase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/comt"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dnmt3a",
        "symbol": "DNMT3A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2978",
        "name": "DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dnmt3a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dsg4",
        "symbol": "DSG4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21307",
        "name": "desmoglein 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dsg4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fli1",
        "symbol": "FLI1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3749",
        "name": "Fli-1 proto-oncogene, ETS transcription factor",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fli1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ftsj1",
        "symbol": "FTSJ1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13254",
        "name": "FtsJ RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ftsj1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gp1bb",
        "symbol": "GP1BB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4440",
        "name": "glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit beta",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gp1bb"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hira",
        "symbol": "HIRA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4916",
        "name": "histone cell cycle regulator",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hira"
      },
      {
        "slug": "jmjd1c",
        "symbol": "JMJD1C",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12313",
        "name": "jumonji domain containing 1C",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/jmjd1c"
      },
      {
        "slug": "krt81",
        "symbol": "KRT81",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6458",
        "name": "keratin 81",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/krt81"
      },
      {
        "slug": "krt83",
        "symbol": "KRT83",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6460",
        "name": "keratin 83",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/krt83"
      },
      {
        "slug": "krt86",
        "symbol": "KRT86",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6463",
        "name": "keratin 86",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/krt86"
      },
      {
        "slug": "med12",
        "symbol": "MED12",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11957",
        "name": "mediator complex subunit 12",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/med12"
      },
      {
        "slug": "msto1",
        "symbol": "MSTO1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29678",
        "name": "misato mitochondrial distribution and morphology regulator 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/msto1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nipa1",
        "symbol": "NIPA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17043",
        "name": "NIPA magnesium transporter 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nipa1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nipa2",
        "symbol": "NIPA2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17044",
        "name": "NIPA magnesium transporter 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nipa2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "psap",
        "symbol": "PSAP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9498",
        "name": "prosaposin",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/psap"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rreb1",
        "symbol": "RREB1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10449",
        "name": "ras responsive element binding protein 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rreb1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sec24c",
        "symbol": "SEC24C",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10705",
        "name": "SEC24 homolog C, COPII component",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sec24c"
      },
      {
        "slug": "setd1a",
        "symbol": "SETD1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29010",
        "name": "SET domain containing 1A, histone lysine methyltransferase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/setd1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc1a1",
        "symbol": "SLC1A1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10939",
        "name": "solute carrier family 1 member 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc1a1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tbx1",
        "symbol": "TBX1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11592",
        "name": "T-box transcription factor 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tbx1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tpm2",
        "symbol": "TPM2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12011",
        "name": "tropomyosin 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tpm2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tubg1",
        "symbol": "TUBG1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12417",
        "name": "tubulin gamma 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tubg1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ufd1",
        "symbol": "UFD1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12520",
        "name": "ubiquitin recognition factor in ER associated degradation 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ufd1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "upf3b",
        "symbol": "UPF3B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20439",
        "name": "UPF3B regulator of nonsense mediated mRNA decay",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/upf3b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "zbtb20",
        "symbol": "ZBTB20",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13503",
        "name": "zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/zbtb20"
      },
      {
        "slug": "zdhhc9",
        "symbol": "ZDHHC9",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18475",
        "name": "zDHHC palmitoyltransferase 9",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/zdhhc9"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cat",
        "symbol": "CAT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1516",
        "name": "catalase",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cat"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dnajc13",
        "symbol": "DNAJC13",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30343",
        "name": "DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C13",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dnajc13"
      },
      {
        "slug": "eif4g1",
        "symbol": "EIF4G1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3296",
        "name": "eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/eif4g1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gba1",
        "symbol": "GBA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4177",
        "name": "glucosylceramidase beta 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gba1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gigyf2",
        "symbol": "GIGYF2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11960",
        "name": "GRB10 interacting GYF protein 2",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gigyf2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lrrk2",
        "symbol": "LRRK2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18618",
        "name": "leucine rich repeat kinase 2",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lrrk2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mt-te",
        "symbol": "MT-TE",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7479",
        "name": "mitochondrially encoded tRNA-Glu (GAA/G)",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mt-te"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nkx2-1",
        "symbol": "NKX2-1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11825",
        "name": "NK2 homeobox 1",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nkx2-1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "snca",
        "symbol": "SNCA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11138",
        "name": "synuclein alpha",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/snca"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vps35",
        "symbol": "VPS35",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13487",
        "name": "VPS35 retromer complex component",
        "frequency": "very-rare",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/vps35"
      },
      {
        "slug": "apol2",
        "symbol": "APOL2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:619",
        "name": "apolipoprotein L2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/apol2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "atp2a2",
        "symbol": "ATP2A2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:812",
        "name": "ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/atp2a2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chi3l1",
        "symbol": "CHI3L1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1932",
        "name": "chitinase 3 like 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chi3l1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "daoa",
        "symbol": "DAOA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21191",
        "name": "D-amino acid oxidase activator",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/daoa"
      },
      {
        "slug": "disc2",
        "symbol": "DISC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2889",
        "name": "disrupted in schizophrenia 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/disc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "drd3",
        "symbol": "DRD3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3024",
        "name": "dopamine receptor D3",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/drd3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gja5",
        "symbol": "GJA5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4279",
        "name": "gap junction protein alpha 5",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gja5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gja8",
        "symbol": "GJA8",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4281",
        "name": "gap junction protein alpha 8",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gja8"
      },
      {
        "slug": "htr2a",
        "symbol": "HTR2A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5293",
        "name": "5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/htr2a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mthfr",
        "symbol": "MTHFR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7436",
        "name": "methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mthfr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rtn4r",
        "symbol": "RTN4R",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18601",
        "name": "reticulon 4 receptor",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rtn4r"
      },
      {
        "slug": "syn2",
        "symbol": "SYN2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11495",
        "name": "synapsin II",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/syn2"
      }
    ]
  }
}