{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/non-obstructive-azoospermia",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "non-obstructive-azoospermia",
    "id": "HP:0011961",
    "name": "Non-obstructive azoospermia",
    "definition": "Absence of any measurable level of sperm in his semen, resulting from a defect in the production of spermatozoa in the testes. This can be differentiated from obstructive azoospermia on the basis of testicular biopsy.",
    "synonyms": [
      "Testicular azoospermia"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-genitourinary-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the genitourinary system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-genitourinary-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "azoospermia",
        "name": "Absent sperm in semen",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/azoospermia"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "atg4d",
        "symbol": "ATG4D",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20789",
        "name": "autophagy related 4D cysteine peptidase",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/atg4d"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fancm",
        "symbol": "FANCM",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23168",
        "name": "FA complementation group M",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fancm"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kash5",
        "symbol": "KASH5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26520",
        "name": "KASH domain containing 5",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kash5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mov10l1",
        "symbol": "MOV10L1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7201",
        "name": "Mov10 like RNA helicase 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mov10l1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "msh4",
        "symbol": "MSH4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7327",
        "name": "mutS homolog 4",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/msh4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "msh5",
        "symbol": "MSH5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7328",
        "name": "mutS homolog 5",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/msh5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pnldc1",
        "symbol": "PNLDC1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21185",
        "name": "PARN like ribonuclease domain containing exonuclease 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pnldc1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rbbp7",
        "symbol": "RBBP7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9890",
        "name": "RB binding protein 7, chromatin remodeling factor",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rbbp7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rnf212",
        "symbol": "RNF212",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:27729",
        "name": "ring finger protein 212",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rnf212"
      },
      {
        "slug": "shoc1",
        "symbol": "SHOC1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26535",
        "name": "shortage in chiasmata 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/shoc1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sohlh1",
        "symbol": "SOHLH1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:27845",
        "name": "spermatogenesis and oogenesis specific basic helix-loop-helix 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sohlh1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sox9",
        "symbol": "SOX9",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11204",
        "name": "SRY-box transcription factor 9",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sox9"
      },
      {
        "slug": "spata22",
        "symbol": "SPATA22",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30705",
        "name": "spermatogenesis associated 22",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/spata22"
      },
      {
        "slug": "spink2",
        "symbol": "SPINK2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11245",
        "name": "serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 2",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/spink2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "stag3",
        "symbol": "STAG3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11356",
        "name": "STAG3 cohesin complex component",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/stag3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "syce1",
        "symbol": "SYCE1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28852",
        "name": "synaptonemal complex central element protein 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/syce1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "terb1",
        "symbol": "TERB1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26675",
        "name": "telomere repeat binding bouquet formation protein 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/terb1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "terb2",
        "symbol": "TERB2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28520",
        "name": "telomere repeat binding bouquet formation protein 2",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/terb2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "zswim7",
        "symbol": "ZSWIM7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26993",
        "name": "zinc finger SWIM-type containing 7",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/zswim7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "catip",
        "symbol": "CATIP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25062",
        "name": "ciliogenesis associated TTC17 interacting protein",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/catip"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ccdc34",
        "symbol": "CCDC34",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25079",
        "name": "coiled-coil domain containing 34",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ccdc34"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cftr",
        "symbol": "CFTR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1884",
        "name": "CF transmembrane conductance regulator",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cftr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chd7",
        "symbol": "CHD7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20626",
        "name": "chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chd7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ct55",
        "symbol": "CT55",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26047",
        "name": "cancer/testis antigen 55",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ct55"
      },
      {
        "slug": "daz1",
        "symbol": "DAZ1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2682",
        "name": "deleted in azoospermia 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/daz1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "daz2",
        "symbol": "DAZ2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15964",
        "name": "deleted in azoospermia 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/daz2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "daz3",
        "symbol": "DAZ3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15965",
        "name": "deleted in azoospermia 3",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/daz3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "daz4",
        "symbol": "DAZ4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15966",
        "name": "deleted in azoospermia 4",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/daz4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ddx3y",
        "symbol": "DDX3Y",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2699",
        "name": "DEAD-box helicase 3 Y-linked",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ddx3y"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dnah10",
        "symbol": "DNAH10",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2941",
        "name": "dynein axonemal heavy chain 10",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dnah10"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dnhd1",
        "symbol": "DNHD1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26532",
        "name": "dynein heavy chain domain 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dnhd1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dusp6",
        "symbol": "DUSP6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3072",
        "name": "dual specificity phosphatase 6",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dusp6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "emx2",
        "symbol": "EMX2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3341",
        "name": "empty spiracles homeobox 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/emx2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fbxo43",
        "symbol": "FBXO43",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28521",
        "name": "F-box protein 43",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fbxo43"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fgf17",
        "symbol": "FGF17",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3673",
        "name": "fibroblast growth factor 17",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fgf17"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fgf8",
        "symbol": "FGF8",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3686",
        "name": "fibroblast growth factor 8",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fgf8"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fgfr1",
        "symbol": "FGFR1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3688",
        "name": "fibroblast growth factor receptor 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fgfr1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gcna",
        "symbol": "GCNA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15805",
        "name": "germ cell nuclear acidic peptidase",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gcna"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gnrh1",
        "symbol": "GNRH1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4419",
        "name": "gonadotropin releasing hormone 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gnrh1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gnrhr",
        "symbol": "GNRHR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4421",
        "name": "gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gnrhr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hs6st1",
        "symbol": "HS6ST1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5201",
        "name": "heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hs6st1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kiss1",
        "symbol": "KISS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6341",
        "name": "KiSS-1 metastasis suppressor",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kiss1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kiss1r",
        "symbol": "KISS1R",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4510",
        "name": "KISS1 receptor",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kiss1r"
      },
      {
        "slug": "klhl10",
        "symbol": "KLHL10",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18829",
        "name": "kelch like family member 10",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/klhl10"
      },
      {
        "slug": "meiob",
        "symbol": "MEIOB",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28569",
        "name": "meiosis specific with OB-fold",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/meiob"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nanos1",
        "symbol": "NANOS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23044",
        "name": "nanos C2HC-type zinc finger 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nanos1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nhlh2",
        "symbol": "NHLH2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7818",
        "name": "nescient helix-loop-helix 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nhlh2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nr5a1",
        "symbol": "NR5A1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7983",
        "name": "nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nr5a1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nsmf",
        "symbol": "NSMF",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29843",
        "name": "NMDA receptor synaptonuclear signaling and neuronal migration factor",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nsmf"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pdha2",
        "symbol": "PDHA2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8807",
        "name": "pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pdha2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prok2",
        "symbol": "PROK2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18455",
        "name": "prokineticin 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prok2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prokr2",
        "symbol": "PROKR2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15836",
        "name": "prokineticin receptor 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prokr2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rbmy1a1",
        "symbol": "RBMY1A1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9912",
        "name": "RNA binding motif protein Y-linked family 1 member A1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rbmy1a1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rpl10l",
        "symbol": "RPL10L",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17976",
        "name": "ribosomal protein L10 like",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rpl10l"
      },
      {
        "slug": "spag17",
        "symbol": "SPAG17",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26620",
        "name": "sperm associated antigen 17",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/spag17"
      },
      {
        "slug": "spry4",
        "symbol": "SPRY4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15533",
        "name": "sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 4",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/spry4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sycp3",
        "symbol": "SYCP3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18130",
        "name": "synaptonemal complex protein 3",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sycp3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tac3",
        "symbol": "TAC3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11521",
        "name": "tachykinin precursor 3",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tac3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tacr3",
        "symbol": "TACR3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11528",
        "name": "tachykinin receptor 3",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tacr3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "taf4b",
        "symbol": "TAF4B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11538",
        "name": "TATA-box binding protein associated factor 4b",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/taf4b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tdrd9",
        "symbol": "TDRD9",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20122",
        "name": "tudor domain containing 9",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tdrd9"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tex11",
        "symbol": "TEX11",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11733",
        "name": "testis expressed 11",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tex11"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tex14",
        "symbol": "TEX14",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11737",
        "name": "testis expressed 14, intercellular bridge forming factor",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tex14"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tex15",
        "symbol": "TEX15",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11738",
        "name": "testis expressed 15, meiosis and synapsis associated",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tex15"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tspy1",
        "symbol": "TSPY1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12381",
        "name": "testis specific protein Y-linked 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tspy1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "usp9y",
        "symbol": "USP9Y",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12633",
        "name": "ubiquitin specific peptidase 9 Y-linked",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/usp9y"
      },
      {
        "slug": "wdr11",
        "symbol": "WDR11",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13831",
        "name": "WD repeat domain 11",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/wdr11"
      },
      {
        "slug": "xrcc2",
        "symbol": "XRCC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12829",
        "name": "X-ray repair cross complementing 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/xrcc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "zmynd15",
        "symbol": "ZMYND15",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20997",
        "name": "zinc finger MYND-type containing 15",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/zmynd15"
      }
    ]
  }
}