{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/increased-bone-mineral-density",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.19-9814e911",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "increased-bone-mineral-density",
    "id": "HP:0011001",
    "name": "Increased bone mineral density",
    "definition": "An abnormal increase of bone mineral density, that is, of the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones which is often referred to as osteosclerosis. Osteosclerosis can be detected on radiological examination as an increased whiteness (density) of affected bones.",
    "synonyms": [
      "Increased bone density",
      "Osteosclerosis",
      "Osteosclerosis of bones"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-bone-mineral-density",
        "name": "Abnormality of bone mineral density",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-bone-mineral-density"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "osteopetrosis",
        "name": "Harder, denser, fracture-prone bones",
        "genes": 23,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/osteopetrosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sclerosis-of-skull-base",
        "name": "Dense bone of skull base",
        "genes": 16,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/sclerosis-of-skull-base"
      },
      {
        "slug": "generalized-osteosclerosis",
        "name": "Increased bone density in skeletal bones",
        "genes": 9,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/generalized-osteosclerosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cortical-sclerosis",
        "name": "Cortical sclerosis",
        "genes": 5,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/cortical-sclerosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "craniofacial-osteosclerosis",
        "name": "Craniofacial osteosclerosis",
        "genes": 5,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/craniofacial-osteosclerosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "increased-skull-ossification",
        "name": "Increased calcification of skull",
        "genes": 4,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/increased-skull-ossification"
      },
      {
        "slug": "patchy-osteosclerosis",
        "name": "Uneven increase in bone density",
        "genes": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/patchy-osteosclerosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "clavicular-sclerosis",
        "name": "Increased bone density in collarbone",
        "genes": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/clavicular-sclerosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "increased-bone-density-with-cystic-changes",
        "name": "Increased bone density with cystic changes",
        "genes": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/increased-bone-density-with-cystic-changes"
      },
      {
        "slug": "increased-density-of-long-bones",
        "name": "Increased density of long bones",
        "genes": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/increased-density-of-long-bones"
      },
      {
        "slug": "osteopoikilosis",
        "name": "Osteopoikilosis",
        "genes": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/osteopoikilosis"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sclerotic-scapulae",
        "name": "Sclerotic scapulae",
        "genes": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/sclerotic-scapulae"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sclerosis-of-foot-bone",
        "name": "Increased bone density in foot bone",
        "genes": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/sclerosis-of-foot-bone"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sclerosis-of-hand-bone",
        "name": "Increased bone density in hand bone",
        "genes": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/sclerosis-of-hand-bone"
      },
      {
        "slug": "metacarpal-diaphyseal-endosteal-sclerosis",
        "name": "Metacarpal diaphyseal endosteal sclerosis",
        "genes": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/metacarpal-diaphyseal-endosteal-sclerosis"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "axin1",
        "symbol": "AXIN1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:903",
        "name": "axin 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/axin1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "clcn7",
        "symbol": "CLCN7",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2025",
        "name": "Cl-/H+ antiporter 7",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/clcn7"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fam20c",
        "symbol": "FAM20C",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:22140",
        "name": "FAM20C golgi associated secretory pathway kinase",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fam20c"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ostm1",
        "symbol": "OSTM1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21652",
        "name": "osteoclastogenesis associated transmembrane protein 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ostm1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc4a2",
        "symbol": "SLC4A2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11028",
        "name": "solute carrier family 4 member 2",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc4a2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tbxas1",
        "symbol": "TBXAS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11609",
        "name": "thromboxane A synthase 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tbxas1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tcirg1",
        "symbol": "TCIRG1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11647",
        "name": "T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tcirg1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "amer1",
        "symbol": "AMER1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26837",
        "name": "APC membrane recruitment protein 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/amer1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ctnnb1",
        "symbol": "CTNNB1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2514",
        "name": "catenin beta 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ctnnb1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ctsk",
        "symbol": "CTSK",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2536",
        "name": "cathepsin K",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ctsk"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dmp1",
        "symbol": "DMP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2932",
        "name": "dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dmp1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "enpp1",
        "symbol": "ENPP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3356",
        "name": "ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/enpp1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lemd3",
        "symbol": "LEMD3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28887",
        "name": "LEM domain containing 3",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lemd3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lrp4",
        "symbol": "LRP4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6696",
        "name": "LDL receptor related protein 4",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lrp4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lrp5",
        "symbol": "LRP5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6697",
        "name": "LDL receptor related protein 5",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lrp5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ptdss1",
        "symbol": "PTDSS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9587",
        "name": "phosphatidylserine synthase 1",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ptdss1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pth1r",
        "symbol": "PTH1R",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9608",
        "name": "parathyroid hormone 1 receptor",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pth1r"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc26a2",
        "symbol": "SLC26A2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10994",
        "name": "solute carrier family 26 member 2",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc26a2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc29a3",
        "symbol": "SLC29A3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23096",
        "name": "solute carrier family 29 member 3",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc29a3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sost",
        "symbol": "SOST",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13771",
        "name": "sclerostin",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sost"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tnfrsf11a",
        "symbol": "TNFRSF11A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11908",
        "name": "TNF receptor superfamily member 11a",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tnfrsf11a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dlx3",
        "symbol": "DLX3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2916",
        "name": "distal-less homeobox 3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dlx3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "flna",
        "symbol": "FLNA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3754",
        "name": "filamin A",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/flna"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gba1",
        "symbol": "GBA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4177",
        "name": "glucosylceramidase beta 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gba1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gnas",
        "symbol": "GNAS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4392",
        "name": "GNAS complex locus",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gnas"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lpin2",
        "symbol": "LPIN2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:14450",
        "name": "lipin 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lpin2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mitf",
        "symbol": "MITF",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7105",
        "name": "melanocyte inducing transcription factor",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mitf"
      },
      {
        "slug": "trappc2",
        "symbol": "TRAPPC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23068",
        "name": "trafficking protein particle complex subunit 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/trappc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "wrn",
        "symbol": "WRN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12791",
        "name": "WRN RecQ like helicase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/wrn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aars1",
        "symbol": "AARS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20",
        "name": "alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/aars1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "baz1b",
        "symbol": "BAZ1B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:961",
        "name": "bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 1B",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/baz1b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bmp1",
        "symbol": "BMP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1067",
        "name": "bone morphogenetic protein 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bmp1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bud23",
        "symbol": "BUD23",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16405",
        "name": "BUD23 rRNA methyltransferase and ribosome maturation factor",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bud23"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cars1",
        "symbol": "CARS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1493",
        "name": "cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cars1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "clip2",
        "symbol": "CLIP2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2586",
        "name": "CAP-Gly domain containing linker protein 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/clip2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dbr1",
        "symbol": "DBR1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15594",
        "name": "debranching RNA lariats 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dbr1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dhcr24",
        "symbol": "DHCR24",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2859",
        "name": "24-dehydrocholesterol reductase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dhcr24"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dnajc30",
        "symbol": "DNAJC30",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16410",
        "name": "DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C30",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dnajc30"
      },
      {
        "slug": "eif4h",
        "symbol": "EIF4H",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12741",
        "name": "eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/eif4h"
      },
      {
        "slug": "eln",
        "symbol": "ELN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3327",
        "name": "elastin",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/eln"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ercc2",
        "symbol": "ERCC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3434",
        "name": "ERCC excision repair 2, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ercc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ercc3",
        "symbol": "ERCC3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3435",
        "name": "ERCC excision repair 3, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ercc3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fkbp6",
        "symbol": "FKBP6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3722",
        "name": "FKBP prolyl isomerase family member 6 (inactive)",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fkbp6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gtf2e2",
        "symbol": "GTF2E2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4651",
        "name": "general transcription factor IIE subunit 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gtf2e2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gtf2h5",
        "symbol": "GTF2H5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21157",
        "name": "general transcription factor IIH subunit 5",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gtf2h5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gtf2i",
        "symbol": "GTF2I",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4659",
        "name": "general transcription factor IIi",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gtf2i"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gtf2ird1",
        "symbol": "GTF2IRD1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4661",
        "name": "GTF2I repeat domain containing 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gtf2ird1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gtf2ird2",
        "symbol": "GTF2IRD2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30775",
        "name": "GTF2I repeat domain containing 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gtf2ird2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hspg2",
        "symbol": "HSPG2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5273",
        "name": "heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hspg2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "limk1",
        "symbol": "LIMK1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6613",
        "name": "LIM domain kinase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/limk1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lmna",
        "symbol": "LMNA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6636",
        "name": "lamin A/C",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lmna"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mettl27",
        "symbol": "METTL27",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:19068",
        "name": "methyltransferase like 27",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mettl27"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mplkip",
        "symbol": "MPLKIP",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:16002",
        "name": "M-phase specific PLK1 interacting protein",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mplkip"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ncf1",
        "symbol": "NCF1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7660",
        "name": "neutrophil cytosolic factor 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ncf1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rfc2",
        "symbol": "RFC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9970",
        "name": "replication factor C subunit 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rfc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rnf113a",
        "symbol": "RNF113A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12974",
        "name": "ring finger protein 113A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rnf113a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "stx16",
        "symbol": "STX16",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11431",
        "name": "syntaxin 16",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/stx16"
      },
      {
        "slug": "stx1a",
        "symbol": "STX1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11433",
        "name": "syntaxin 1A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/stx1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tars1",
        "symbol": "TARS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11572",
        "name": "threonyl-tRNA synthetase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tars1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tbl2",
        "symbol": "TBL2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11586",
        "name": "transducin beta like 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tbl2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tmem270",
        "symbol": "TMEM270",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23018",
        "name": "transmembrane protein 270",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tmem270"
      },
      {
        "slug": "vps37d",
        "symbol": "VPS37D",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18287",
        "name": "VPS37D subunit of ESCRT-I",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/vps37d"
      },
      {
        "slug": "agxt",
        "symbol": "AGXT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:341",
        "name": "alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/agxt"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fam111a",
        "symbol": "FAM111A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:24725",
        "name": "FAM111 trypsin like peptidase A",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fam111a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "map2k1",
        "symbol": "MAP2K1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6840",
        "name": "mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/map2k1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mc4r",
        "symbol": "MC4R",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6932",
        "name": "melanocortin 4 receptor",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mc4r"
      },
      {
        "slug": "runx2",
        "symbol": "RUNX2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10472",
        "name": "RUNX family transcription factor 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/runx2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tgfb1",
        "symbol": "TGFB1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11766",
        "name": "transforming growth factor beta 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tgfb1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tnfrsf11b",
        "symbol": "TNFRSF11B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11909",
        "name": "TNF receptor superfamily member 11b",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tnfrsf11b"
      }
    ]
  }
}