{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/elevated-hemoglobin-a1c",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "elevated-hemoglobin-a1c",
    "id": "HP:0040217",
    "name": "Elevated hemoglobin A1c",
    "definition": "An increased concentration of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), which is the product of nonenzymatic attachment of a hexose molecule to the N-terminal amino acid of the hemoglobin molecule. This reaction is dependent on blood glucose concentration, and therefore reflects the mean glucose concentration over the previous 8 to 12 weeks. The HbA1c level provides a better indication of long-term glycemic control than one-time blood or urinary glucose measurements.",
    "synonyms": [
      "Elevated glycated haemoglobin",
      "Elevated glycated hemoglobin",
      "Elevated glycosylated haemoglobin",
      "Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin",
      "Elevated haemoglobin A1c",
      "Elevated HbA1c",
      "Increased HbA1c levels"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-blood-and-blood-forming-tissues",
        "name": "Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-blood-and-blood-forming-tissues"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-hemoglobin",
        "name": "Abnormal hemoglobin",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-hemoglobin"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "abcc8",
        "symbol": "ABCC8",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:59",
        "name": "ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/abcc8"
      },
      {
        "slug": "alms1",
        "symbol": "ALMS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:428",
        "name": "ALMS1 centrosome and basal body associated protein",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/alms1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "blm",
        "symbol": "BLM",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1058",
        "name": "BLM RecQ like helicase",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/blm"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bscl2",
        "symbol": "BSCL2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15832",
        "name": "BSCL2 lipid droplet biogenesis associated, seipin",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bscl2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dmxl2",
        "symbol": "DMXL2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2938",
        "name": "Dmx like 2",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dmxl2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dnajc3",
        "symbol": "DNAJC3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9439",
        "name": "DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C3",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dnajc3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kcnj11",
        "symbol": "KCNJ11",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6257",
        "name": "potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 4,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kcnj11"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pax4",
        "symbol": "PAX4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8618",
        "name": "paired box 4",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pax4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "plaat3",
        "symbol": "PLAAT3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17825",
        "name": "phospholipase A and acyltransferase 3",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/plaat3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rnu6atac",
        "symbol": "RNU6ATAC",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:34017",
        "name": "RNA, U6atac small nuclear",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rnu6atac"
      },
      {
        "slug": "wrn",
        "symbol": "WRN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12791",
        "name": "WRN RecQ like helicase",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/wrn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "yipf5",
        "symbol": "YIPF5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:24877",
        "name": "Yip1 domain family member 5",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/yipf5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nars2",
        "symbol": "NARS2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26274",
        "name": "asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nars2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "appl1",
        "symbol": "APPL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:24035",
        "name": "adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/appl1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "blk",
        "symbol": "BLK",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1057",
        "name": "BLK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/blk"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cel",
        "symbol": "CEL",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1848",
        "name": "carboxyl ester lipase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cel"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cela2a",
        "symbol": "CELA2A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:24609",
        "name": "chymotrypsin like elastase 2A",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cela2a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gck",
        "symbol": "GCK",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4195",
        "name": "glucokinase",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gck"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hnf1a",
        "symbol": "HNF1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11621",
        "name": "HNF1 homeobox A",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hnf1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hnf4a",
        "symbol": "HNF4A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:5024",
        "name": "hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hnf4a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ins",
        "symbol": "INS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6081",
        "name": "insulin",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ins"
      },
      {
        "slug": "klf11",
        "symbol": "KLF11",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11811",
        "name": "KLF transcription factor 11",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/klf11"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lmna",
        "symbol": "LMNA",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6636",
        "name": "lamin A/C",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lmna"
      },
      {
        "slug": "neurod1",
        "symbol": "NEUROD1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7762",
        "name": "neuronal differentiation 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/neurod1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pdx1",
        "symbol": "PDX1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6107",
        "name": "pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pdx1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "trmt5",
        "symbol": "TRMT5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23141",
        "name": "tRNA methyltransferase 5",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/trmt5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mtx2",
        "symbol": "MTX2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7506",
        "name": "metaxin 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mtx2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nsmce2",
        "symbol": "NSMCE2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26513",
        "name": "NSE2 SUMO ligase component of SMC5/6 complex",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nsmce2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "slc5a2",
        "symbol": "SLC5A2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11037",
        "name": "solute carrier family 5 member 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/slc5a2"
      }
    ]
  }
}