{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-sternum-morphology",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "abnormal-sternum-morphology",
    "id": "HP:0000766",
    "name": "Abnormality of the sternum",
    "label": "Abnormal sternum morphology",
    "definition": "An anomaly of the sternum, also known as the breastbone.",
    "synonyms": [
      "Sternal anomalies",
      "Pectus carinatum or pectus excavatum",
      "Pectus deformities",
      "Pectus deformity",
      "Pectus excavatum or carinatum",
      "Pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum",
      "Pectus excavatum/carinatum"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system",
        "name": "Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-musculoskeletal-system"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-thorax-morphology",
        "name": "Abnormality of the chest",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-thorax-morphology"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "pectus-excavatum",
        "name": "Funnel chest",
        "genes": 346,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/pectus-excavatum"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pectus-carinatum",
        "name": "Pigeon chest",
        "genes": 182,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/pectus-carinatum"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prominent-sternum",
        "name": "Prominent sternum",
        "genes": 15,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/prominent-sternum"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rachitic-rosary",
        "name": "Rachitic rosary",
        "genes": 7,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/rachitic-rosary"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abnormal-sternal-ossification",
        "name": "Abnormal maturation of breastbone",
        "genes": 5,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormal-sternal-ossification"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bulging-of-the-costochondral-junction",
        "name": "Bulging of the costochondral junction",
        "genes": 4,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/bulging-of-the-costochondral-junction"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bifid-sternum",
        "name": "Bifid sternum",
        "genes": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/bifid-sternum"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aplasia-hypoplasia-of-the-sternum",
        "name": "Absent/small sternum",
        "genes": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/aplasia-hypoplasia-of-the-sternum"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sternal-punctate-calcifications",
        "name": "Sternal punctate calcifications",
        "genes": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/sternal-punctate-calcifications"
      },
      {
        "slug": "supraumbilical-raphe",
        "name": "Supraumbilical raphe",
        "genes": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/supraumbilical-raphe"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "sos1",
        "symbol": "SOS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11187",
        "name": "SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sos1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chrng",
        "symbol": "CHRNG",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1967",
        "name": "cholinergic receptor nicotinic gamma subunit",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chrng"
      },
      {
        "slug": "chst14",
        "symbol": "CHST14",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:24464",
        "name": "carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/chst14"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dse",
        "symbol": "DSE",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21144",
        "name": "dermatan sulfate epimerase",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dse"
      },
      {
        "slug": "myh3",
        "symbol": "MYH3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7573",
        "name": "myosin heavy chain 3",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/myh3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nras",
        "symbol": "NRAS",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7989",
        "name": "NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase",
        "frequency": "very-frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nras"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bgn",
        "symbol": "BGN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1044",
        "name": "biglycan",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/bgn"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cdc42",
        "symbol": "CDC42",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1736",
        "name": "cell division cycle 42",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cdc42"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cep120",
        "symbol": "CEP120",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26690",
        "name": "centrosomal protein 120",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cep120"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dync2h1",
        "symbol": "DYNC2H1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2962",
        "name": "dynein cytoplasmic 2 heavy chain 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dync2h1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dync2i1",
        "symbol": "DYNC2I1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21862",
        "name": "dynein 2 intermediate chain 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dync2i1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dync2i2",
        "symbol": "DYNC2I2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28296",
        "name": "dynein 2 intermediate chain 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dync2i2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dync2li1",
        "symbol": "DYNC2LI1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:24595",
        "name": "dynein cytoplasmic 2 light intermediate chain 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dync2li1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ift140",
        "symbol": "IFT140",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29077",
        "name": "intraflagellar transport 140",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ift140"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ift172",
        "symbol": "IFT172",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30391",
        "name": "intraflagellar transport 172",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ift172"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ift80",
        "symbol": "IFT80",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29262",
        "name": "intraflagellar transport 80",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ift80"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kiaa0753",
        "symbol": "KIAA0753",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29110",
        "name": "KIAA0753",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/kiaa0753"
      },
      {
        "slug": "med12",
        "symbol": "MED12",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11957",
        "name": "mediator complex subunit 12",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/med12"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rest",
        "symbol": "REST",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9966",
        "name": "RE1 silencing transcription factor",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rest"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rin2",
        "symbol": "RIN2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18750",
        "name": "Ras and Rab interactor 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rin2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rspry1",
        "symbol": "RSPRY1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29420",
        "name": "ring finger and SPRY domain containing 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rspry1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "shoc2",
        "symbol": "SHOC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:15454",
        "name": "SHOC2 leucine rich repeat scaffold protein",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/shoc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tgfb2",
        "symbol": "TGFB2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11768",
        "name": "transforming growth factor beta 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tgfb2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tgfbr1",
        "symbol": "TGFBR1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11772",
        "name": "transforming growth factor beta receptor 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tgfbr1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tgfbr2",
        "symbol": "TGFBR2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11773",
        "name": "transforming growth factor beta receptor 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tgfbr2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ttc21b",
        "symbol": "TTC21B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25660",
        "name": "tetratricopeptide repeat domain 21B",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ttc21b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "wdr19",
        "symbol": "WDR19",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18340",
        "name": "WD repeat domain 19",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/wdr19"
      },
      {
        "slug": "acta2",
        "symbol": "ACTA2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:130",
        "name": "actin alpha 2, smooth muscle",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/acta2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "asah1",
        "symbol": "ASAH1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:735",
        "name": "N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/asah1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "braf",
        "symbol": "BRAF",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1097",
        "name": "B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/braf"
      },
      {
        "slug": "efemp2",
        "symbol": "EFEMP2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3219",
        "name": "EGF-like fibulin extracellular matrix protein 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/efemp2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "eln",
        "symbol": "ELN",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3327",
        "name": "elastin",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/eln"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fbn1",
        "symbol": "FBN1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3603",
        "name": "fibrillin 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fbn1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "foxe3",
        "symbol": "FOXE3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:3808",
        "name": "forkhead box E3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/foxe3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "hey2",
        "symbol": "HEY2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4881",
        "name": "hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/hey2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lox",
        "symbol": "LOX",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6664",
        "name": "lysyl oxidase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lox"
      },
      {
        "slug": "map2k1",
        "symbol": "MAP2K1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6840",
        "name": "mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/map2k1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mat2a",
        "symbol": "MAT2A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6904",
        "name": "methionine adenosyltransferase 2A",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mat2a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mfap5",
        "symbol": "MFAP5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29673",
        "name": "microfibril associated protein 5",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mfap5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "myh11",
        "symbol": "MYH11",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7569",
        "name": "myosin heavy chain 11",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/myh11"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mylk",
        "symbol": "MYLK",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:7590",
        "name": "myosin light chain kinase",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mylk"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prkg1",
        "symbol": "PRKG1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9414",
        "name": "protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prkg1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ptpn11",
        "symbol": "PTPN11",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9644",
        "name": "protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ptpn11"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rit1",
        "symbol": "RIT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10023",
        "name": "Ras like without CAAX 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rit1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rnf135",
        "symbol": "RNF135",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21158",
        "name": "ring finger protein 135",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rnf135"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smad2",
        "symbol": "SMAD2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6768",
        "name": "SMAD family member 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smad2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smad3",
        "symbol": "SMAD3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6769",
        "name": "SMAD family member 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smad3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "smad4",
        "symbol": "SMAD4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6770",
        "name": "SMAD family member 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/smad4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "spred1",
        "symbol": "SPRED1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20249",
        "name": "sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/spred1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tgfb3",
        "symbol": "TGFB3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11769",
        "name": "transforming growth factor beta 3",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tgfb3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "thsd4",
        "symbol": "THSD4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25835",
        "name": "thrombospondin type 1 domain containing 4",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/thsd4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abcc6",
        "symbol": "ABCC6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:57",
        "name": "ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/abcc6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lztr1",
        "symbol": "LZTR1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6742",
        "name": "leucine zipper like post translational regulator 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/lztr1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "piezo2",
        "symbol": "PIEZO2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26270",
        "name": "piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/piezo2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pik3c2a",
        "symbol": "PIK3C2A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8971",
        "name": "phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pik3c2a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ptch1",
        "symbol": "PTCH1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9585",
        "name": "patched 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ptch1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "raf1",
        "symbol": "RAF1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9829",
        "name": "Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/raf1"
      }
    ]
  }
}