{
  "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/dyschromatopsia",
  "trait": {
    "bundleId": "2026.10.17-8666dff2",
    "release": "2026-09-01",
    "slug": "dyschromatopsia",
    "id": "HP:0007641",
    "name": "Color blindness",
    "label": "Dyschromatopsia",
    "definition": "A form of colorblindness in which only two of the three fundamental colors can be distinguished due to a lack of one of the retinal cone pigments.",
    "synonyms": [
      "Colour blindness"
    ],
    "systems": [
      {
        "slug": "abnormality-of-the-eye",
        "name": "Abnormality of the eye",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/abnormality-of-the-eye"
      }
    ],
    "broader": [
      {
        "slug": "color-vision-defect",
        "name": "Abnormal color vision",
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/color-vision-defect"
      }
    ],
    "narrower": [
      {
        "slug": "red-green-dyschromatopsia",
        "name": "Red green color blindness",
        "genes": 12,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/red-green-dyschromatopsia"
      },
      {
        "slug": "anomalous-trichromacy",
        "name": "Anomalous trichromacy",
        "genes": 0,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/anomalous-trichromacy"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dichromacy",
        "name": "Dichromacy",
        "genes": 0,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/traits/dichromacy"
      }
    ],
    "genes": [
      {
        "slug": "afg3l2",
        "symbol": "AFG3L2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:315",
        "name": "AFG3 like matrix AAA peptidase subunit 2",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/afg3l2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "gucy2d",
        "symbol": "GUCY2D",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4689",
        "name": "guanylate cyclase 2D, retinal",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 3,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/gucy2d"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mcat",
        "symbol": "MCAT",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:29622",
        "name": "malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mcat"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mecr",
        "symbol": "MECR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:19691",
        "name": "mitochondrial trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mecr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "opa1",
        "symbol": "OPA1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8140",
        "name": "OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/opa1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pde6c",
        "symbol": "PDE6C",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8787",
        "name": "phosphodiesterase 6C",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pde6c"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pde6h",
        "symbol": "PDE6H",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:8790",
        "name": "phosphodiesterase 6H",
        "frequency": "obligate",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pde6h"
      },
      {
        "slug": "abca4",
        "symbol": "ABCA4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:34",
        "name": "ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/abca4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "adam9",
        "symbol": "ADAM9",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:216",
        "name": "ADAM metallopeptidase domain 9",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/adam9"
      },
      {
        "slug": "aipl1",
        "symbol": "AIPL1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:359",
        "name": "AIP like 1 HSP90 co-chaperone",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/aipl1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "atf6",
        "symbol": "ATF6",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:791",
        "name": "activating transcription factor 6",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/atf6"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cacna1f",
        "symbol": "CACNA1F",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1393",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 F",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacna1f"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cacna2d4",
        "symbol": "CACNA2D4",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:20202",
        "name": "calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 4",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cacna2d4"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cdhr1",
        "symbol": "CDHR1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:14550",
        "name": "cadherin related family member 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cdhr1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cep78",
        "symbol": "CEP78",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25740",
        "name": "centrosomal protein 78",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cep78"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cfap410",
        "symbol": "CFAP410",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1260",
        "name": "cilia and flagella associated protein 410",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cfap410"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cfap418",
        "symbol": "CFAP418",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:27232",
        "name": "cilia and flagella associated protein 418",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cfap418"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cnga3",
        "symbol": "CNGA3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2150",
        "name": "cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cnga3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "cngb3",
        "symbol": "CNGB3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2153",
        "name": "cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit beta 3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/cngb3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "crx",
        "symbol": "CRX",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:2383",
        "name": "cone-rod homeobox",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/crx"
      },
      {
        "slug": "dram2",
        "symbol": "DRAM2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28769",
        "name": "DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/dram2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fsd1l",
        "symbol": "FSD1L",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13753",
        "name": "fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 1 like",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/fsd1l"
      },
      {
        "slug": "guca1a",
        "symbol": "GUCA1A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4678",
        "name": "guanylate cyclase activator 1A",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/guca1a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mfsd8",
        "symbol": "MFSD8",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:28486",
        "name": "major facilitator superfamily domain containing 8",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mfsd8"
      },
      {
        "slug": "nmnat1",
        "symbol": "NMNAT1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17877",
        "name": "nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/nmnat1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "opn1lw",
        "symbol": "OPN1LW",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9936",
        "name": "opsin 1, long wave sensitive",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/opn1lw"
      },
      {
        "slug": "opn1mw",
        "symbol": "OPN1MW",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:4206",
        "name": "opsin 1, medium wave sensitive",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/opn1mw"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pitpnm3",
        "symbol": "PITPNM3",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:21043",
        "name": "PITPNM family member 3",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/pitpnm3"
      },
      {
        "slug": "poc1b",
        "symbol": "POC1B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:30836",
        "name": "POC1 centriolar protein B",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/poc1b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prom1",
        "symbol": "PROM1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9454",
        "name": "prominin 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prom1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "prph2",
        "symbol": "PRPH2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9942",
        "name": "peripherin 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/prph2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rab28",
        "symbol": "RAB28",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9768",
        "name": "RAB28, member RAS oncogene family",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rab28"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rax2",
        "symbol": "RAX2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:18286",
        "name": "retina and anterior neural fold homeobox 2",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rax2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rims1",
        "symbol": "RIMS1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:17282",
        "name": "regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rims1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rpgr",
        "symbol": "RPGR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10295",
        "name": "retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rpgr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rpgrip1",
        "symbol": "RPGRIP1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:13436",
        "name": "RPGR interacting protein 1",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rpgrip1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sema4a",
        "symbol": "SEMA4A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10729",
        "name": "semaphorin 4A",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sema4a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tlcd3b",
        "symbol": "TLCD3B",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25295",
        "name": "TLC domain containing 3B",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tlcd3b"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ttll5",
        "symbol": "TTLL5",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:19963",
        "name": "tubulin tyrosine ligase like 5",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ttll5"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ubap1l",
        "symbol": "UBAP1L",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:40028",
        "name": "ubiquitin associated protein 1 like",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/ubap1l"
      },
      {
        "slug": "unc119",
        "symbol": "UNC119",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12565",
        "name": "unc-119 lipid binding chaperone",
        "frequency": "frequent",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/unc119"
      },
      {
        "slug": "best1",
        "symbol": "BEST1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:12703",
        "name": "bestrophin 1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/best1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "morc2",
        "symbol": "MORC2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:23573",
        "name": "MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/morc2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mtrfr",
        "symbol": "MTRFR",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:26784",
        "name": "mitochondrial translation release factor in rescue",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/mtrfr"
      },
      {
        "slug": "polg",
        "symbol": "POLG",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:9179",
        "name": "DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 2,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/polg"
      },
      {
        "slug": "rrm1",
        "symbol": "RRM1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10451",
        "name": "ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/rrm1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tk2",
        "symbol": "TK2",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11831",
        "name": "thymidine kinase 2",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tk2"
      },
      {
        "slug": "top3a",
        "symbol": "TOP3A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:11992",
        "name": "DNA topoisomerase III alpha",
        "frequency": "occasional",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/top3a"
      },
      {
        "slug": "grk1",
        "symbol": "GRK1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10013",
        "name": "G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/grk1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "impg1",
        "symbol": "IMPG1",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:6055",
        "name": "interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 1",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/impg1"
      },
      {
        "slug": "opn1sw",
        "symbol": "OPN1SW",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:1012",
        "name": "opsin 1, short wave sensitive",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/opn1sw"
      },
      {
        "slug": "sag",
        "symbol": "SAG",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:10521",
        "name": "S-antigen visual arrestin",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/sag"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tmem126a",
        "symbol": "TMEM126A",
        "hgnc": "HGNC:25382",
        "name": "transmembrane protein 126A",
        "diseases": 1,
        "url": "https://dantelabs.com/genes/tmem126a"
      }
    ]
  }
}